Ramayana — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 110, Shloka 29

लोकसमुत्पत्ति-वर्णनम् तथा इक्ष्वाकुवंश-प्रशंसा

Cosmogony and Ikshvaku Genealogy as Counsel to Rama

Devanagari script

कल्माषपादपुत्रोऽभूच्छङ्खणस्त्विति विश्रुतः।यस्तु तद्वीर्यमासाद्य सहसैन्यो व्यनीनशत्।।।।

Transliteration

kalmāṣapādaputro 'bhūc chaṅkhaṇas tv iti viśrutaḥ |

yas tu tad vīryam āsādya sahasainyo vyanīnaśat ||

Translation

迦尔摩沙跋陀之子以“商迦那”（Śaṅkhaṇa）之名闻世；凡与其威勇相抗者，连同其军旅皆被摧灭。

Word by Word

• कल्माषपादपुत्रः: son of Kalmāṣapāda
• कल्माषपादपुत्रः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कल्माषपाद + पुत्र (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष-समास ('son of Kalmāṣapāda'); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• अभूत्: was/became
• अभूत्: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: भू (धातु)
• Form: लङ्-लकार, परस्मैपद; प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन

• शङ्खणः: Śaṅkhaṇa
• शङ्खणः: Samānādhikaraṇa (समानाधिकरण/Apposition)
• Type: Noun
• Root: शङ्खण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; व्यक्तिनाम

• तु: and/but
• तु: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; निपात

• इति: thus
• इति: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इति (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; उद्धरण-निपात

• विश्रुतः: renowned
• विश्रुतः: Kriyā (क्रिया/Predicative)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वि + श्रु (धातु)
• Form: क्त (past passive participle); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; predicative: 'renowned'

• यः: who
• यः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यद् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम; पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• तु: indeed
• तु: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; निपात

• तत्: that
• तत्: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: तद् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम-विशेषण; नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; विशेषण of वीर्यम्

• वीर्यम्: prowess/valor
• वीर्यम्: Karma (कर्म/Object of आसाद्य)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वीर्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• आसाद्य: having attained/encountered
• आसाद्य: Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: आ + सद् (धातु)
• Form: ल्यप्/क्त्वान्त-समकक्ष (gerund); 'having reached/obtained/encountered'

• सहसैन्यः: with (his) army
• सहसैन्यः: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सह + सैन्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्ययीभाव-समास ('together with army'); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; विशेषण of यः

• व्यनीनशत्: destroyed
• व्यनीनशत्: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वि + नी (धातु)
• Form: लङ्-लकार, परस्मैपद; प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; causative/ intensive sense in usage: 'destroyed/led to ruin'

Context

Shankhana was the famous son of Kalmashapada. Whoever challenged his prowess was routed with his entire army.

Characters & Entities

• Kalmāṣapāda
• Śaṅkhaṇa

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

It points to kṣatriya-dharma: protection of the realm and decisive strength against hostile challengers, exercised as a duty of kingship.

What is the narrative situation?

The speaker continues the royal genealogy, highlighting notable rulers and their reputations.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Valor and protective power (vīrya) as an expected royal quality.