Ramayana — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 105, Shloka 44

भरतस्य प्रार्थना—रामस्य कालधर्मोपदेशः

Bharata’s Petition and Rama’s Instruction on Time and Mortality

Devanagari script

धार्मिकेणानृशंसेन नरेण गुरुवर्तिना।भवितव्यं नरव्याघ्र परलोकं जिगीषता।।2.105.44।।

Transliteration

dhārmikeṇānṛśaṃsena nareṇa guruvartinā |

bhavitavyaṃ naravyāghra paralokaṃ jigīṣatā ||2.105.44||

Translation

人中之虎啊，欲求赢得来世者，当为具德之人——慈悲不害，并恭顺于长者与师长。

Word by Word

• धार्मिकेण: by a virtuous
• धार्मिकेण: Karana (करण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: dhārmika (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, एकवचन, तृतीया (Instrumental); विशेषण (qualifying ‘नरेण’)

• अनृशंसेन: by a compassionate
• अनृशंसेन: Karana (करण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: anṛśaṃsa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, एकवचन, तृतीया; विशेषण (compassionate/non-cruel)

• नरेण: by a man
• नरेण: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: nara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, एकवचन, तृतीया (Instrumental)

• गुरुवर्तिना: by one obedient to elders/teachers
• गुरुवर्तिना: Karana (करण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: guru (प्रातिपदिक) + vartin (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास (गुरौ वर्तते/गुरून् वर्तते), पुंलिङ्ग, एकवचन, तृतीया; विशेषण

• भवितव्यम्: must be/should be (so)
• भवितव्यम्: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: bhū (धातु) + tavya (कृत्)
• Form: कृदन्त, तव्यत्-प्रत्यय (gerundive: ‘must be/should be’), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, एकवचन, प्रथमा; विधेय (impersonal necessity)

• नरव्याघ्र: O tiger among men
• नरव्याघ्र: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: nara (प्रातिपदिक) + vyāghra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: कर्मधारय-समास (‘नरः व्याघ्र इव’), पुंलिङ्ग, एकवचन, सम्बोधन

• परलोकम्: the next world
• परलोकम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: para (प्रातिपदिक) + loka (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास (परः लोकः), पुंलिङ्ग, एकवचन, द्वितीया (Accusative)

• जिगीषता: by one desiring to conquer
• जिगीषता: Karana (करण)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ji (धातु) + san (देशिदेरिवेटिव) + śatṛ (कृत्)
• Form: कृदन्त, शतृ-प्रत्यय (present active participle) of desiderative ‘जिगीष’ (to wish to conquer), पुंलिङ्ग, एकवचन, तृतीया (Instrumental)

Context

O best of men, if a man aspires to conquer the higher world, he should remain virtuous, compassionate and obedient to his preceptors.

Characters & Entities

• Rāma
• Bharata

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma is framed as a path to higher good (paraloka): righteousness must be joined with compassion and obedience to legitimate authority (guru/elders).

What is the narrative situation?

Rāma is instructing Bharata in the values that should guide him—especially while handling kingship and family duty after the exile decision.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Compassionate righteousness—dharma that is not harsh, and humility before elders.