Ramayana — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 103, Shloka 29

पिण्डदानदर्शनम्

The Queens Behold Rama’s Śrāddha Offering

Devanagari script

ततो जघन्यं सहितै स्समन्त्रिभिः पुरप्रधानैश्च सहैव सैनिकैः।जनेन धर्मज्ञतमेन धर्मवानुपोपविष्टो भरत स्तदाऽग्रजम्।।2.103.29।।

Transliteration

tato jaghanyaṃ sahitaiḥ sa-mantribhiḥ pura-pradhānaiś ca sahaiva sainikaiḥ | janena dharmajñatamena dharmavān upopaviṣṭo bharatas tadā agrajam || 2.103.29 ||

Translation

其后，持法而行的婆罗多紧挨着长兄而坐；在他身后，诸大臣、城中首领、军士，以及最通达达摩之人依次就座。

Word by Word

• ततः: then; thereafter
• ततः: Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tatas (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (ablatival adverb) ‘then/thereafter’

• जघन्यम्: behind; at the rear
• जघन्यम्: Kriya-visheshana (क्रियाविशेषणम्)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: jaghanya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: क्रियाविशेषणवत् नपुंसक-एकवचन (adverbial accusative) = ‘behind/at the rear’

• सहितैः: together with
• सहितैः: Sahartha (सहार्थः)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sahita (प्रातिपदिक/क्त)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन; सह-सम्बन्धे (together with)

• स-मन्त्रिभिः: with ministers
• स-मन्त्रिभिः: Sahartha (सहार्थः)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mantrin (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन; ‘with ministers/counsellors’ (सह-सम्बन्ध)

• पुर-प्रधानैः: with leading citizens
• पुर-प्रधानैः: Sahartha (सहार्थः)
• Type: Noun
• Root: pura (प्रातिपदिक) + pradhāna (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (पुरस्य प्रधानाः)

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक निपात

• सह: with
• सह: Sahartha (सहार्थः)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: saha (अव्यय)
• Form: सहार्थक अव्यय (with)

• एव: indeed
• एव: Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: eva (अव्यय)
• Form: अवधारणार्थक निपात (only/indeed)

• सैनिकैः: with soldiers
• सैनिकैः: Sahartha (सहार्थः)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sainika (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन

• जनेन: with the people
• जनेन: Sahartha (सहार्थः)
• Type: Noun
• Root: jana (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचन; समूहवाचक (by/with the people)

• धर्म-ज्ञ-तमेन: with the most knowledgeable in dharma
• धर्म-ज्ञ-तमेन: Sahartha (सहार्थः)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: dharma (प्रातिपदिक) + jña (प्रातिपदिक) + tama (तद्धित/प्रत्यय)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (धर्मं जानाति) + तमप् (superlative)

• धर्मवान्: righteous
• धर्मवान्: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: dharmavat (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; विशेषण

• उप-उपविष्टः: sat down near
• उप-उपविष्टः: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: upa-upa-viś (धातु) + kta (कृत्)
• Form: भूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (क्त), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; ‘sat down near’

• भरतः: Bharata
• भरतः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bharata (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• तदा: then
• तदा: Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tadā (अव्यय)
• Form: कालवाचक-अव्यय (then)

• अग्रजम्: elder brother (Rama)
• अग्रजम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: agraja (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन (elder brother as object)

Context

After Vasistha and Rama sat down, righteous Bharata sat close to his elder brother. Behind him sat his companions, leading citizens, soldiers and righteous men.

Characters & Entities

• Bharata
• Rāma (elder brother, implied)
• ministers (mantrin)
• soldiers (sainika)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Public decisions should be dharma-informed: the presence of dharma-experts, citizens, and ministers emphasizes accountable governance and righteous deliberation.

What is the narrative situation?

A formal assembly forms around Rāma and Vasiṣṭha; Bharata takes a respectful seat near Rāma with the wider retinue arranged behind.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Bharata’s humility and dharmic intent—he approaches as a devoted younger brother within a disciplined, consultative setting.