Shloka 12

सीतावियोगे रामस्य विलापः

Rama’s Lament and Inquiry on Sita’s Disappearance

Devanagari script

सुकुमारी च बाला च नित्यं चादुःखदर्शिनी।मद्वियोगेन वैदेही व्यक्तं शोचति दुर्मनाः।।।।

Transliteration

sukumārī ca bālā ca nityaṃ cāduḥkha-darśinī | mad-viyogena vaidehī vyaktaṃ śocati durmanāḥ ||

Translation

毗提希柔弱而年少，向来未曾见过苦难。与我分离，她必定忧伤哀叹，心神凄惶。

Word by Word

• sukumārī: delicate
• sukumārī: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sukumārī (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; विशेषण of vaidehī

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चय (and)

• bālā: young
• bālā: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: bālā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; विशेषण of vaidehī

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चय (and)

• nityam: always
• nityam: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/adverbial)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: nitya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: क्रियाविशेषण-प्रयोग (adverbial accusative); कालवाचक (always)

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चय (and)

• aduḥkhadarśinī: one who has never seen sorrow
• aduḥkhadarśinī: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: a-duḥkha-darśinī (प्रातिपदिक; नञ् + दुःख + दर्शिनी)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; नञ्-तत्पुरुष (one who has not seen sorrow), विशेषण of vaidehī

• madviyogena: by separation from me
• madviyogena: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mad-viyoga (प्रातिपदिक; मत्/मद् + वियोग)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (Instrumental), एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (separation from me)

• vaidehī: Vaidehi
• vaidehī: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vaidehī (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• vyaktam: certainly
• vyaktam: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/adverbial)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: vyakta (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: क्रियाविशेषण-प्रयोग (adverbial accusative); निश्चयार्थे (certainly/clearly)

• śocati: grieves
• śocati: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √śuc (शुच् धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकार (Present), परस्मैपद, प्रथम-पुरुष, एकवचन

• durmanāḥ: sad-minded
• durmanāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: dur-manas (प्रातिपदिक; दुर् + मनस्)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग (ending -āḥ as feminine nom. sg. in this usage), प्रथमा, एकवचन; विशेषण of vaidehī

Context

Vaidehi is delicate, young and she has never faced any sorrow.She will be certainly disheartened due to separation from me.

Characters & Entities

• Rāma
• Vaidehī (Sītā)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma includes empathy and care for vulnerability: recognizing another’s fragility and suffering is part of righteous conduct and motivates protective action.

What is the narrative situation?

With Sītā absent, Rāma reflects on her tender upbringing and infers that separation from him would cause her intense sorrow.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Compassionate understanding—Rāma imaginatively enters Sītā’s emotional state rather than treating events only as strategy.