Dvādaśī-vrata: Month-by-month Viṣṇu Worship and the Year-End Udyāpana
नारायण परो भूत्वा स्वयं भुञ्जीत वाग्यतः । इति यः कुरुते भक्त्या केशवार्चनमुत्तमम् ॥ २३ ॥
nārāyaṇa paro bhūtvā svayaṃ bhuñjīta vāgyataḥ | iti yaḥ kurute bhaktyā keśavārcanamuttamam || 23 ||
当全然归依那罗延(Nārāyaṇa),并约束言语时,应以戒律自持而自食。凡以此法怀着奉爱(bhakti)行最上之凯沙瓦(Keśava)礼拜者,其供奉实为殊胜。
Sanatkumara (teaching Narada the discipline of Vishnu-bhakti and worship)
Vrata: none
Primary Rasa: bhakti
Secondary Rasa: shanta
It teaches that Keśava-worship becomes “uttama” (supreme) when grounded in single-pointed devotion to Nārāyaṇa and supported by inner discipline—especially restraint of speech and mindful conduct even in eating.
Bhakti here is not only ritual offering but a transformed orientation—“nārāyaṇa-para”—expressed through self-control (vāk-yama) and regulated living, showing that devotion is both love and disciplined practice.
The verse emphasizes ritual discipline (niyama) and purity of conduct during worship—closely aligned with Kalpa (rules of ritual procedure) and Śikṣā-like attention to controlled speech (vāk-saṃyama) as part of sacred practice.