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Markandeya Purana — Adhyaya 81, Shloka 54

Adhyaya 81 — Suratha and Samadhi Seek Sage Medhas; Introduction to Mahamaya and the Madhukaitabha Origin Account

Sanskrit

त्वं स्वाहा त्वं स्वधा त्वं हि वषट्कारः स्वरात्मिका ।

सुधा त्वमक्षरे नित्ये त्रिधा मात्रात्मिका स्थिता ॥

Transliteration

tvaṁ svāhā tvaṁ svadhā tvaṁ hi vaṣaṭkāraḥ svarātmikā | sudhā tvam akṣare nitye tridhā mātrātmikā sthitā ||

Translation

你是娑婆诃（Svāhā）；你是娑陀诃（Svadhā）；你确是“瓦沙特”（Vaṣaṭ）之呼声，化身为声音本身。你是甘露（Amṛta），不死之蜜。在永恒不坏的圣音节中，你安住为三重音量（mātrā）。

Word by Word
त्वम्you
त्वम्:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootयुष्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formउत्तमपुरुष-सर्वनाम, प्रथमा, एकवचन
स्वाहाSvāhā
स्वाहा:
Pratipādya (प्रातिपाद्य/Predicate nominative)
TypeNoun
Rootस्वाहा (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; नाम (ritual exclamation as deity-name)
त्वम्you
त्वम्:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootयुष्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formप्रथमा, एकवचन
स्वधाSvadhā
स्वधा:
Pratipādya (प्रातिपाद्य/Predicate nominative)
TypeNoun
Rootस्वधा (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; पितृयज्ञ-सम्बद्धा (oblation term as deity-name)
त्वम्you
त्वम्:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootयुष्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formप्रथमा, एकवचन
हिindeed
हि:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Discourse particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि (अव्यय)
Formनिपात (particle), अवधान/हेतु-भाव (indeed/for)
वषट्कारःthe Vaṣaṭ-call
वषट्कारः:
Pratipādya (प्रातिपाद्य/Predicate nominative)
TypeNoun
Rootवषट्कार (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
स्वर-आत्मिकाwhose essence is sound/tones
स्वर-आत्मिका:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootस्वर + आत्मिका (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; विशेषण; समासः तत्पुरुष (स्वरः आत्मा यस्याः/स्वरात्मक)
सुधाnectar
सुधा:
Pratipādya (प्रातिपाद्य/Predicate nominative)
TypeNoun
Rootसुधा (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
त्वम्you
त्वम्:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootयुष्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formप्रथमा, एकवचन
अक्षरेin the imperishable (syllable/Brahman)
अक्षरे:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/Location)
TypeNoun
Rootअक्षर (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन
नित्येeternal
नित्ये:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootनित्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, एकवचन; विशेषण (अक्षरे इति पदस्य)
त्रिधाthreefold
त्रिधा:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण/Adverbial)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootत्रिधा (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय, क्रियाविशेषण (adverb)
मात्रा-आत्मिकाwhose essence is measure/mātrā
मात्रा-आत्मिका:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootमात्रा + आत्मिका (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; विशेषण; समासः तत्पुरुष (मात्रा आत्मा यस्याः)
स्थिताabiding/established
स्थिता:
Pratipādya (प्रातिपाद्य/Predicate)
TypeAdjective
Rootस्था (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त)
Formक्त-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (past passive participle); स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
Speakers
Brahmā to Devī
Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "adbhuta", "secondaryRasa": "bhakti", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Primary Deities
DevīBrahmā
Shakti Aspects
Vāk-śakti (power of sound)Yajña-śakti (ritual power)
Key Themes
Vedic ritual theologyMantra and sound metaphysicsDevī as immanent in yajñaShaktism

FAQs

Ritual efficacy is grounded in the divine: offerings to gods (svāhā) and ancestors (svadhā) succeed because Devī is present as the very speech-act of sacrifice.

It supports Sarga/Pratisarga doctrine by rooting cosmic order in mantra and yajña (a sustaining principle of the world), though presented as devotional praise within the narrative.

Identifying Devī with the imperishable syllable and mātrās points to a mantra-ontology: consciousness and cosmos are structured through sound; Devī is the underlying vibratory power (śabda-brahman) that becomes intelligible as phoneme and meter.

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