Shloka 2

Adhyaya 73 — The Uttama Manvantara: Classes of Devas, Indra Sushanti, and the Royal Lineage

Sanskrit

स्वधामानस्तथा देवा यथानामानुकारिणः ।

सत्याख्यश्च द्वितीयोऽन्यस्त्रिदशानां तथा गणः ॥

Transliteration

svadhāmānas tathā devā yathānāmānukāriṇaḥ / satyākhyaś ca dvitīyo 'nyas tridaśānāṃ tathā gaṇaḥ

Translation

其中一类诸神名为“自住者”（Svadhāmans），与其名号与本性相应。三十神之中，第二类名为“真实名者”（Satyākhyas）。

Word by Word

• sva-dhāmānaḥ: having their own abodes/splendor
• sva-dhāmānaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sva + dhāman (प्रातिपदिक); समासः
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (1st), Plural; ‘having own abodes/own splendor’

• tathā: thus/also
• tathā: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/adverbial)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tathā (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya; adverb (क्रियाविशेषण)

• devāḥ: the gods
• devāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: deva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (1st), Plural

• yathā: as/according to
• yathā: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: yathā (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya; comparative particle ‘as/according to’

• nāmānu-kāriṇaḥ: conforming to their names
• nāmānu-kāriṇaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: nāman + anu + kārin (प्रातिपदिक); समासः
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (1st), Plural; ‘acting in accordance with (their) names’

• satya-ākhyaḥ: named Satya
• satya-ākhyaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: satya + ākhya (प्रातिपदिक); समासः
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (1st), Singular; ‘named Satya’

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya; conjunction (समुच्चय)

• dvitīyaḥ: second
• dvitīyaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: dvitīya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (1st), Singular; ordinal

• anyaḥ: another
• anyaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: anya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (1st), Singular

• tridaśānām: of the thirty (gods)
• tridaśānām: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tridaśa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Genitive (6th), Plural

• tathā: also/likewise
• tathā: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/adverbial)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tathā (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya; adverb

• gaṇaḥ: group/host
• gaṇaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: gaṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (1st), Singular

Speakers

• Mārkaṇḍeya (listing deva groups)

Key Themes

• Cosmology
• Manvantara
• Deva classifications
• Name-nature correspondence

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

The verse asserts a Purāṇic principle: nāma and svabhāva align—names are not arbitrary labels but indicators of function and character.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Manvantara: enumerating the divine groups characteristic of a given Manu’s era.

What is the esoteric significance?

Deva-gaṇas can symbolize organized modes of consciousness. ‘Svadhāman’ suggests self-luminous stability; ‘Satya’ suggests truth-alignment—two foundational qualities for sustaining an epoch.