Markandeya Purana — Adhyaya 57, Shloka 43

Adhyaya 57 — The Ninefold Divisions of Bharata: Mountains, Rivers, and Peoples

Sanskrit

यथा प्रवङ्गा रङ्गेया मानदा मानवर्तिकाः । ब्राह्मोत्तराः प्रविजया भार्गवा ज्ञेयमल्लकाः ॥

Transliteration

yathā pravaṅgā raṅgeyā mānadā mānavartikāḥ / brāhmottarāḥ pravijayā bhārgavā jñeyamallakāḥ

Translation

同样（东方诸地）还有：普罗梵伽（Pravaṅga）、兰伽耶（Raṅgeya）、摩那达（Mānadā）、摩那伐尔提迦（Mānavartika）；以及婆罗摩乌多罗（Brāhmottara）、普罗毗阇耶（Pravijaya）、婆尔伽婆（Bhārgava）与阇涅耶摩罗迦（Jñeyamallaka）。

Word by Word

• यथा: as/just as
• यथा: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यथा (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; उपमान/प्रकारवाचक (comparative/manner adverb)

• प्रवङ्गाः: the Pravaṅgas
• प्रवङ्गाः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्रवङ्ग (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन; जनपद-नाम

• रङ्गेयाः: the Raṅgeyas
• रङ्गेयाः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: रङ्गेय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन; जनपद-नाम

• मानदाः: the Mānadās
• मानदाः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मानद (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन; जनपद-नाम

• मानवर्तिकाः: the Mānavartikās
• मानवर्तिकाः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मानवर्तिक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन; जनपद-नाम

• ब्राह्मोत्तराः: the Brāhmottaras
• ब्राह्मोत्तराः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ब्राह्म + उत्तर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन; तत्पुरुष (determinative): ‘ब्राह्म-उत्तर’ (name of a people/region)

• प्रविजयाः: the Pravijayas
• प्रविजयाः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्रविजय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन; जनपद-नाम

• भार्गवाः: the Bhārgavas
• भार्गवाः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भार्गव (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन; गोत्र/जनपद-नाम

• ज्ञेयमल्लकाः: the (so-called) Jñeya-mallakas
• ज्ञेयमल्लकाः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ज्ञेय + मल्लक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन; कर्मधारय: ‘ज्ञेयाः मल्लकाः’ = ‘the Mallakas who are to be known/mentioned’ (name-listing sense)

Speakers

• Paurāṇic narrator (geographical enumeration; frame-speaker not explicit in the given excerpt)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Geography
• Prācya (eastern) regions
• Ethnonyms and lineage-names

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

The verse shows how Purāṇas preserve layered identities—some names are territorial, others lineage-based—indicating that ‘peoplehood’ is remembered through multiple lenses.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Cosmographical listing functioning as contextual material around dynastic and sacred-historical narration.

What is the esoteric significance?

Lineage-names (e.g., Bhārgava) within geography hint that spiritual ancestry and physical territory are intertwined in purāṇic imagination.