Markandeya Purana — Adhyaya 51, Shloka 93

Adhyaya 51 — Yaksha Injunctions: Graha-Children and Female Spirits Causing Domestic and Ritual Disruptions

Sanskrit

विरोधिनीसुतास्तत्र विजृम्भन्ते प्रचोदिताः । एको जिह्वागतः पुंसां स्त्रीणाञ्चालीकसत्यवान् ॥

Transliteration

virodhinī-sutās tatra vijṛmbhante pracoditāḥ | eko jihvā-gataḥ puṃsāṃ strīṇāṃ cālīka-satyavān ||

Translation

在那里，毗罗陀希尼（对抗之灵）的诸子一经煽动便苏醒而活跃。其中一者栖于男女之舌，言辞夹杂虚妄与似真之语。

Word by Word

• विरोधिनी-सुताः: sons of the opposing (power)
• विरोधिनी-सुताः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: विरोधिनी (प्रातिपदिक) + सुत (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), बहुवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (विरोधिन्याः सुताः)

• तत्र: there
• तत्र: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तत्र (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; स्थानवाचक क्रियाविशेषण (locative adverb)

• विजृम्भन्ते: they expand/spread forth
• विजृम्भन्ते: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वि + जृम्भ् (धातु)
• Form: लट् (Present), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), बहुवचन; आत्मनेपद

• प्रचोदिताः: impelled/urged
• प्रचोदिताः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: प्र + चुद् (धातु)
• Form: कृदन्त (क्त/PPP), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; विशेषणम् (qualifying ‘विरोधिनीसुताः’)

• एकः: one (of them)
• एकः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: एक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• जिह्वा-गतः: gone to/located on the tongue
• जिह्वा-गतः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: जिह्वा (प्रातिपदिक) + गत (कृदन्त/प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: कृदन्त (क्त, ‘गम्’), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; सप्तमी-तत्पुरुषः (जिह्वायां गतः)

• पुंसाम्: of men
• पुंसाम्: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पुम्स्/पुंस् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), बहुवचन

• स्त्रीणाम्: of women
• स्त्रीणाम्: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: स्त्री (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, बहुवचन

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चयबोधक (conjunction)

• अलीक-सत्यवान्: whose ‘truth’ is false; speaking falsehood as truth
• अलीक-सत्यवान्: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अलीक (प्रातिपदिक) + सत्यवत् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; कर्मधारयः (अलीकं सत्यं यस्य/अलीकसत्यः)

Speakers

• Not specified in input (fits an instructive discourse style within Markandeya Purana’s ethical sections)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "bhakti", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Dharma
• Ethics of speech
• Social harmony
• Personification of vice

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

The verse warns that discord begins in speech: when truth is blended with falsehood it becomes persuasive and socially destructive. Ethical restraint (satya with hita—truth that is beneficial) is implied as the antidote.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

This passage is primarily Dharmic instruction rather than sarga/pratisarga/manvantara/vamśa/vamśānucarita; it aligns with the Purana’s ancillary ethical teaching that accompanies narrative frameworks.

What is the esoteric significance?

‘Sons of opposition’ symbolize inner tendencies (vṛttis) that ‘wake’ when provoked. The tongue is the gateway where subtle conflict becomes gross reality; mixed truth/falsehood is a potent māyic force because it mimics dharma while serving adharma.