Shloka 56

Adhyaya 49 — Primordial Human Creation, the Rise of Desire, and the Origins of Settlements, Measures, and Agriculture

Sanskrit

विषादव्याकुलास्ता वै प्रजास्तृष्णाक्षुधार्दिताः ।

ततः प्रादुर्बभौ तासां सिद्धिस्त्रेतामुखे तदा ॥

Transliteration

viṣādavyākulās tā vai prajāstṛṣṇākṣudhārditāḥ / tataḥ prādurbabhau tāsāṃ siddhis tretāmukhe tadā

Translation

那些人确实为忧悲所困，又受饥渴煎迫。于是，在特雷塔纪（Tretā-yuga）之初，一种“悉地”（siddhi：有效之法/成就）为他们显现。

Word by Word

• विषाद-व्याकुलाः: distressed with despair
• विषाद-व्याकुलाः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: विषाद (प्रातिपदिक) + व्याकुल (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; तत्पुरुष: ‘विषादेन व्याकुलः’ (agitated by despair)

• ताः: those
• ताः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन

• वै: indeed
• वै: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वै (अव्यय)
• Form: निश्चय/उपपादक अव्यय (particle: ‘indeed’)

• प्रजाः: people/subjects
• प्रजाः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्रजा (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन

• तृष्णा-क्षुधा-अर्दिताः: afflicted by thirst and hunger
• तृष्णा-क्षुधा-अर्दिताः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: तृष्णा (प्रातिपदिक) + क्षुधा (प्रातिपदिक) + अर्दित (प्रातिपदिक; from अर्द्/अर्दय् धातु)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; द्वन्द्व (itaretara) in first members ‘तृष्णा+क्षुधा’, then तत्पुरुष sense with participle: ‘तृष्णाक्षुधाभ्याम् अर्दिताः’ (afflicted by thirst and hunger)

• ततः: then
• ततः: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः (अव्यय)
• Form: क्रियाविशेषण अव्यय (adverb: ‘then/thereupon’)

• प्रादुर्: manifestly
• प्रादुर्: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: प्रादुर् (अव्यय)
• Form: उपसर्गसदृश अव्यय (preverb-like indeclinable: ‘manifest/into view’)

• बभौ: appeared/shone forth
• बभौ: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: भा (धातु)
• Form: लिट् (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद

• तासाम्: of them
• तासाम्: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, बहुवचन

• सिद्धिः: success/accomplishment
• सिद्धिः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सिद्धि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• त्रेता-मुखे: at the beginning of the Tretā (age)
• त्रेता-मुखे: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: त्रेता (प्रातिपदिक) + मुख (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, एकवचन; तत्पुरुष: ‘त्रेतायाः मुखम्’ (at the beginning of Tretā-yuga)

• तदा: at that time
• तदा: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तदा (अव्यय)
• Form: कालवाचक अव्यय (temporal adverb: ‘at that time’)

Speakers

• Narratorial description

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "karuna", "secondaryRasa": "adbhuta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Yuga transition
• Human suffering and relief
• Providence and skill (siddhi)
• Cosmology (yuga-dharma)

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Even when conditions deteriorate, the Purāṇic worldview allows for timely emergence of ‘siddhi’—practical capacities or institutions—so that beings may continue dharma under new yuga-constraints.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Connects to manvantara/kāla narration insofar as it marks a yuga boundary (Tretā-mukha) and the corresponding shift in human capacities and sustenance.

What is the esoteric significance?

The move from grief and hunger to ‘siddhi’ implies that limitation catalyzes latent power; spiritually, austerity/need can precipitate inner attainment when aligned with right order.