Shloka 55

Adhyaya 49 — Primordial Human Creation, the Rise of Desire, and the Origins of Settlements, Measures, and Agriculture

Sanskrit

कृत्वा द्वन्द्वोपघातन्ते वार्तोपायमचिन्तयन् ।

नष्टेषु मधुना सार्धं कल्पवृक्षेष्वशेषतः ॥

Transliteration

kṛtvā dvandvopaghātaṃ te vārtopāyam acintayan / naṣṭeṣu madhunā sārdhaṃ kalpavṛkṣeṣv aśeṣataḥ

Translation

他们既为二对（对待、二元）之苦所击倒，便开始思量谋生之道；因为如意树（kalpavṛkṣa）连同其蜜，已全然灭尽。

Word by Word

• कृत्वा: having done
• कृत्वा: Purvakala (पूर्वकाल-क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: कृ (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund), अव्यय; ‘having done/made’

• द्वन्द्व-उपघातम्: the affliction of conflict/opposition
• द्वन्द्व-उपघातम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: द्वन्द्व (प्रातिपदिक) + उपघात (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष: ‘द्वन्द्वस्य उपघातः’ (harm due to conflict/pairs)

• ते: they
• ते: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन

• वार्ता-उपायम्: a means of livelihood
• वार्ता-उपायम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वार्ता (प्रातिपदिक) + उपाय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; तत्पुरुष: ‘वार्तायाः उपायः’ (means of livelihood)

• अचिन्तयन्: did not consider
• अचिन्तयन्: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: चिन्त् (धातु)
• Form: लङ् (Imperfect), प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन; परस्मैपद; नकार-प्रत्ययेन निषेधः (negation by अ- prefix): ‘did not think’

• नष्टेषु: when (they were) destroyed
• नष्टेषु: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: नष्ट (प्रातिपदिक; from नश् धातु)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), बहुवचन; विशेषणम् (qualifies ‘कल्पवृक्षेषु’)

• मधुना: with honey
• मधुना: Sahartha/Hetu (सह/हेतु)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मधु (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), एकवचन

• सार्धम्: together with
• सार्धम्: Sahakaraka (सहकारक)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सार्धम् (अव्यय)
• Form: सहवाचक अव्यय (postposition/adverb: ‘together with’)

• कल्प-वृक्षेषु: in the wish-fulfilling trees
• कल्प-वृक्षेषु: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कल्पवृक्ष (प्रातिपदिक: कल्प + वृक्ष)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, बहुवचन; कर्मधारय

• अशेषतः: completely
• अशेषतः: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अशेषतः (अव्यय)
• Form: क्रियाविशेषण अव्यय (adverb: ‘entirely/without remainder’)

Speakers

• Narratorial description

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "karuna", "secondaryRasa": "shanta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Economic adaptation (vārta)
• Dvanda (suffering/conditions)
• End of effortless abundance
• Human resilience

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

The text frames economy (vārta) as a necessary dharmic response when providential abundance ends; suffering prompts organized livelihood rather than despair.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Pratisarga-like: a world-condition changes (loss of kalpavṛkṣas), and society restructures its sustenance systems accordingly.

What is the esoteric significance?

Honey (madhu) often symbolizes sweetness/essence; its loss indicates the fading of spontaneous rasa, compelling the seeker to cultivate essence through effort and right means.