Shloka 77

Adhyaya 43 — Portents of Death (Ariṣṭa-lakṣaṇas) and the Yogin’s Response; Alarka Renounces Kingship

Sanskrit

यथायं भौतिकः सङ्घस्तथान्तः करणं नृणाम् ।

गुणास्तु सकलास्तद्वदशेषेष्वेव जन्तुषु ॥

Transliteration

yathāyaṃ bhautikaḥ saṅghas tathā antaḥ-karaṇaṃ nṛṇām / guṇās tu sakalās tadvad aśeṣeṣv eva jantuṣu

Translation

“正如此身乃物质之聚合，人之内器（心识之复合体）亦复如是；同样，一切诸德性（guṇa）无一例外，皆圆满存在于一切众生之中。”

Word by Word

• yathā: just as
• yathā: Connector (सम्बन्धसूचक)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: yathā (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; उपमान/प्रकारवाचक (as/just as)

• ayam: this
• ayam: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: idam (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; सर्वनाम

• bhautikaḥ: material/physical
• bhautikaḥ: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: bhautika (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• saṅghaḥ: aggregate; collection
• saṅghaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: saṅgha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• tathā: so/likewise
• tathā: Connector (सम्बन्धसूचक)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tathā (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; तदनुरूपार्थक (so/likewise)

• antaḥ-karaṇam: the inner organ (mind)
• antaḥ-karaṇam: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: antaḥ (अव्यय) + karaṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; अव्ययीभावः—अन्तः करणम् (inner instrument: mind)

• nṛṇām: of men
• nṛṇām: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: nṛ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति, बहुवचन

• guṇāḥ: qualities
• guṇāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: guṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन

• tu: indeed
• tu: Discourse particle (निपात)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tu (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; विशेष/विरोधार्थक निपात (but/indeed)

• sakalāḥ: all
• sakalāḥ: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sakala (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन

• tadvat: likewise
• tadvat: Connector (सम्बन्धसूचक)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tadvat (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; तुल्यतावाचक (likewise/in the same way)

• aśeṣeṣu: in all (without exception)
• aśeṣeṣu: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: aśeṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति (Locative), बहुवचन; ‘अशेष’ = without remainder, all

• eva: indeed
• eva: Emphasis (अवधारण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: eva (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; अवधारण-निपात (emphasis: indeed/only)

• jantuṣu: in living beings
• jantuṣu: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: jantu (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति, बहुवचन

Speakers

• Alarka continuing his explanation (philosophical rationale for renunciation)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "jnana", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Sāṅkhya-like analysis
• Guṇa doctrine
• Mind-body as prakṛti aggregate
• Basis for detachment

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Seeing body and mind as guṇa-made aggregates undermines pride and possessiveness; if all beings are constituted by the same guṇas, superiority-complex and fixation on ‘my’ status weaken—supporting liberation-oriented conduct.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Not a pancalakṣaṇa cosmology unit per se; it is tattva-vicāra (philosophical analysis) embedded in narrative, supporting dharma/moksha instruction within vaṃśānucarita.

What is the esoteric significance?

The verse points to a discriminative insight (viveka): the ‘inner instrument’ too is part of prakṛti, not the Self. Recognizing universality of guṇas prepares the ground for witnessing-consciousness (sākṣitva) and non-attachment.