Markandeya Purana — Adhyaya 34, Shloka 46

Adhyaya 34 — Madālāsā’s Instruction on Sadācāra (Householder Conduct, Purity, and Daily Rites)

Sanskrit

दम्भाभिमानतीक्ष्णानि न कुर्वोत विचक्षणः ।

मूर्खोन्मत्तव्यसनिनो विरूपान्मायिनस्तथा ॥

Transliteration

dambhābhimāna-tīkṣṇāni na kurvota vicakṣaṇaḥ |

mūrkhonmatta-vyasanino virūpān māyinas tathā ||

Translation

有辨识之人不应以虚伪、傲慢或苛刻行事——尤其不可如此对待愚昧者、癫狂者、沉溺成瘾者、形体残缺者；对欺诈之人亦当如是自持。

Word by Word

• दम्भाभिमानतीक्ष्णानि: hypocrisy, pride, and harsh acts/words
• दम्भाभिमानतीक्ष्णानि: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दम्भ + अभिमान + तीक्ष्ण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (कर्म), बहुवचन; इतरेतर-द्वन्द्व (copulative: 'hypocrisy, pride, harshness')

• न: not
• न: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/negation)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेधार्थक-निपात (negation)

• कुर्वीत: should do
• कुर्वीत: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: कृ (धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (optative), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन (Optative, Parasmaipada, 3rd person, Singular)

• विचक्षणः: a discerning person
• विचक्षणः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: विचक्षण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (कर्ता), एकवचन (Masculine, Nominative, Singular)

• मूर्खोन्मत्तव्यसनिनः: foolish, mad, and vice-addicted (persons)
• मूर्खोन्मत्तव्यसनिनः: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: मूर्ख + उन्मत्त + व्यसनिन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (कर्म), बहुवचन; इतरेतर-द्वन्द्व (copulative adjective used substantively: 'fools, madmen, addicts')

• विरूपान्: ugly/deformed (persons)
• विरूपान्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: विरूप (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (कर्म), बहुवचन (Masculine, Accusative, Plural)

• मायिनः: deceitful/illusionists
• मायिनः: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: मायिन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (कर्म), बहुवचन (Masculine, Accusative, Plural)

• तथा: also
• तथा: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/adverbial)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक-अव्यय (adverb: likewise/also)

Speakers

• Dharmic instruction within the Markandeya Purana’s didactic section (speaker not specified in the provided extract)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "bhakti", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Dharma
• Compassion
• Humility
• Non-cruel speech

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Wisdom is measured by gentleness and honesty: the vulnerable (foolish, afflicted, addicted, deformed) should not be met with cruelty or ego, and even the deceitful should be handled without hypocritical pride.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Ācāra-dharma; not pañcalakṣaṇa narrative.

What is the esoteric significance?

The list mirrors inner tendencies: hypocrisy, pride, and harshness are ‘inner deformities.’ The verse urges the sādhaka to respond to outer disorder without awakening the same disorder within.