Shloka 39

Adhyaya 34 — Madālāsā’s Instruction on Sadācāra (Householder Conduct, Purity, and Daily Rites)

Sanskrit

परिवादं न शृणुयादन्येषामपि कुर्वताम् ।

पन्था देयो ब्राह्मणानां राज्ञो दुःखातुरस्य च ॥

Transliteration

parivādaṃ na śṛṇuyād anyeṣām api kurvatām |

panthā deyo brāhmaṇānāṃ rājño duḥkhāturasya ca ||

Translation

即使他人正在诽谤，也不应聆听毁谤之言。行于道路，当让行于婆罗门、国王，以及为苦难所逼迫之人。

Word by Word

• परिवादम्: slander; backbiting
• परिवादम्: कर्म (Karma/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: परिवाद (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन (Singular)

• न: not
• न: निषेध (Negation)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेध-निपात (negative particle)

• शृणुयात्: should hear/listen
• शृणुयात्: क्रिया (Kriyā/Verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: श्रु (धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (Optative), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन (Singular), परस्मैपद

• अन्येषाम्: of others
• अन्येषाम्: सम्बन्ध (Sambandha/Genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अन्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), षष्ठी-विभक्ति (Genitive/6th), बहुवचन (Plural)

• अपि: also; even
• अपि: सम्बन्ध/बल (Emphasis)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अपि (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चय/अपवादार्थक (particle: also/even)

• कुर्वताम्: of those doing (it)
• कुर्वताम्: सम्बन्ध (Sambandha/Genitive relation)
• Type: Verb
• Root: कृ (धातु)
• Form: शतृ-प्रत्यय (present active participle); पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), षष्ठी-विभक्ति (Genitive/6th), बहुवचन (Plural)

• पन्थाः: way; path
• पन्थाः: कर्म (Karma/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पथिन्/पन्था (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), एकवचन (Singular)

• देयः: to be given; should be yielded
• देयः: विधेय (Predicate/vidheya)
• Type: Verb
• Root: दा (धातु)
• Form: तव्यत्/यत्-भाव (gerundive/passive necessity adjective); पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), एकवचन (Singular)

• ब्राह्मणानाम्: to/for Brahmins
• ब्राह्मणानाम्: सम्प्रदान (Sampradāna/Recipient)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ब्राह्मण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), षष्ठी-विभक्ति (Genitive/6th), बहुवचन (Plural)

• राज्ञः: to/for the king
• राज्ञः: सम्प्रदान (Sampradāna/Recipient)
• Type: Noun
• Root: राजन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), षष्ठी-विभक्ति (Genitive/6th), एकवचन (Singular)

• दुःखातुरस्य: of one distressed by suffering
• दुःखातुरस्य: विशेषण (Viśeṣaṇa/Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दुःखातुर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास (दुःखेन आतुरः); पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), षष्ठी-विभक्ति (Genitive/6th), एकवचन (Singular)

• च: and
• च: समुच्चय (Coordination)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)

Speakers

• Dharmic instruction within the Markandeya Purana’s didactic section (speaker not specified in the provided extract)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "karuna", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Dharma
• Speech ethics
• Social hierarchy and compassion
• Non-participation in adharma

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Ethics is not only ‘not speaking’ wrong, but also ‘not consuming’ it—refusing to listen deprives slander of social fuel. Giving way combines honor (to social offices) with mercy (to the afflicted).

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

It is ācāra-dharma material rather than sarga/pratisarga/vaṃśa/manvantara/vaṃśānucarita.

What is the esoteric significance?

Not listening to parivāda is a discipline of the inner ear (śravaṇa-śuddhi). Yielding the path symbolizes yielding ego and making space for dharma to pass first.