Shloka 116

Adhyaya 34 — Madālāsā’s Instruction on Sadācāra (Householder Conduct, Purity, and Daily Rites)

Sanskrit

यस्मिन् कृषीबला राष्ट्रे प्रायशो नातिभोगिनः ।

यत्रौषधन्यशेषाणि वसेत्तत्र विचक्षणः ॥

Transliteration

yasmin kṛṣībalā rāṣṭre prāyaśo nātibhoginaḥ / yatrauṣadhanyaśeṣāṇi vasettatra vicakṣaṇaḥ

Translation

在农事强盛之国，民众大抵不纵溺于享乐，且药草与谷粮丰足——明辨之人当居于彼处。

Word by Word

• yasmin: in which
• yasmin: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yad (यद्-प्रातिपदिक; सर्वनाम)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Locative (सप्तमी/7), Singular (एकवचन); relative pronoun

• kṛṣī-balā: whose strength is agriculture
• kṛṣī-balā: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: kṛṣi + bala (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Locative (सप्तमी/7), Singular (एकवचन); कर्मधारय/तत्पुरुष-प्रायः: 'having agriculture as strength' (kṛṣiḥ eva balaṃ yasyāḥ)

• rāṣṭre: in the kingdom
• rāṣṭre: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rāṣṭra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Locative (सप्तमी/7), Singular (एकवचन)

• prāyaśaḥ: for the most part
• prāyaśaḥ: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: prāyaśaḥ (अव्यय)
• Form: Adverb (प्रायः-शब्दः; 'generally')

• na: not
• na: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/negator)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: Negation particle (निषेधार्थ अव्यय)

• ati-bhoginaḥ: over-indulgent (people)
• ati-bhoginaḥ: Karta (कर्ता; understood 'people are')
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ati + bhogin (प्रातिपदिक; -इन् प्रत्यय)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Plural (बहुवचन); उपसर्ग-समास (ati- = excessive)

• yatra: where
• yatra: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: yatra (अव्यय)
• Form: Relative adverb (देशवाचक अव्यय)

• auṣadha-anya-śeṣāṇi: surpluses of herbs and grains
• auṣadha-anya-śeṣāṇi: Karta (कर्ता; existential sense)
• Type: Noun
• Root: auṣadha + anya + śeṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Plural (बहुवचन); बहुपद-तत्पुरुषः: 'remaining/leftover of medicinal herbs and grains' (auṣadhānām anyānāṃ ca śeṣāṇi)

• vaset: should dwell
• vaset: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √vas (वस्) (धातु)
• Form: Vidhi-liṅ (विधिलिङ्/Optative), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन); Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद)

• tatra: there
• tatra: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tatra (अव्यय)
• Form: Adverb (देशवाचक अव्यय)

• vicakṣaṇaḥ: a discerning man
• vicakṣaṇaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vicakṣaṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन)

Speakers

• Didactic narrator within dharma-teaching context

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "dharma", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Dharma
• Moderation
• Agriculture
• Public health
• Sustainability

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Prosperity is not mere luxury: a stable agrarian base, moderation in enjoyment, and ready medicines/food reserves create conditions for dharmic life and resilience.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Practical dharma and polity guidance (ācāra/rājadharma-adjacent), not a pancalakṣaṇa cosmological account.

What is the esoteric significance?

Agriculture and stored grain symbolize cultivated merit and inner reserves (saṃskāra). ‘Not over-indulgent’ indicates conserving vitality (ojas) so that one’s inner ‘kingdom’ remains healthy.