Shloka 4

Adhyaya 33 — Madālasa on the Fruit of Śrāddha Performed on Lunar Days and Nakṣatras

Sanskrit

द्वादश्यां जयलाभञ्च प्राप्रोति पितृपूजकः ।

प्रजां मेधां पशुं वृद्धिं स्वातन्त्र्यं पुष्टमुत्तमाम् ॥

Transliteration

dvādaśyāṃ jayalābhaṃ ca prāpnoti pitṛpūjakaḥ | prajāṃ medhāṃ paśuṃ vṛddhiṃ svātantryaṃ puṣṭim uttamām ||

Translation

在第十二月日（dvādaśī）以施行 śrāddha 祭祀祖先者，得胜利与收益；并得子嗣、智慧、牛畜与财富、增长与兴盛、独立自主，以及殊胜的滋养与力量。

Word by Word

• dvādaśyām: on the twelfth (lunar day)
• dvādaśyām: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: dvādaśī (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति (7th/सप्तमी), एकवचन; काल/तिथि-अधिकरण (locative of time)

• jaya-lābham: gain of victory
• jaya-lābham: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: jaya (प्रातिपदिक) + lābha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (2nd/द्वितीया), एकवचन; तत्पुरुषः (षष्ठी/सम्बन्ध: ‘जयस्य लाभः’)

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha/Connector (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)

• prāpnoti: attains
• prāpnoti: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: pra-√āp (धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकार (Present), परस्मैपद, प्रथम-पुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; क्रिया

• pitṛ-pūjakaḥ: one who worships the ancestors
• pitṛ-pūjakaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: pitṛ (प्रातिपदिक) + pūjaka (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन; तत्पुरुषः (कर्मधारय/षष्ठी-सम्बन्ध: ‘पितॄणां पूजकः’)

• prajām: offspring
• prajām: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: prajā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (2nd), एकवचन

• medhām: intelligence
• medhām: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: medhā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (2nd), एकवचन

• paśum: cattle
• paśum: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: paśu (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (2nd), एकवचन

• vṛddhim: increase, prosperity
• vṛddhim: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vṛddhi (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (2nd), एकवचन

• svātantryam: independence
• svātantryam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: svātantrya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (2nd), एकवचन

• puṣṭām: well-nourished, flourishing
• puṣṭām: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: puṣṭa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (2nd), एकवचन; विशेषण (qualifies ‘uttamām’/implicit ‘prajām’ etc.)

• uttamām: excellent, best
• uttamām: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: uttama (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (2nd), एकवचन; विशेषण (superlative)

Speakers

• Dharma-instructional narrator within the Purāṇic dialogue framework (not Devi Māhātmya); specific speaker not explicit in the provided excerpt

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "bhakti", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Primary Deities

• Pitṛs (Ancestors)

Key Themes

• Dharma
• Pitṛ Pūjā
• Śrāddha
• Karmaphala (ritual results)
• Gṛhastha duties

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

The verse frames ancestral rites as a dharmic investment: honoring one’s lineage sustains social continuity (prajā), personal capacity (medhā), and material stability (paśu, vṛddhi), implying that gratitude and obligation toward forebears are integral to gṛhastha-dharma.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

Primarily under 'Vṛtti/Dharma' material typical of Purāṇas (often adjacent to Ācāra-khaṇḍa). It is not sarga/pratisarga/manvantara/vaṃśa in content; rather it is prescriptive dharma describing ritual and its fruits.

What is the esoteric significance?

Dvādaśī is traditionally linked with restraint and sattva; offering to Pitṛs then symbolizes aligning personal agency (svātantrya) with inherited obligations, producing 'victory' as inner mastery and outer success.