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Markandeya Purana — Adhyaya 32, Shloka 34

Adhyaya 32Rules for Parvana Śrāddha: Foods that Please the Ancestors and Items to Avoid

वैश्वदेवञ्च सौम्यञ्च खड्गमांसं परं हविः । विषाणवर्ज्यखड्गाप्त्या आसूर्यञ्चाश्नुवामहे ॥

vaiśvadevañ ca saumyañ ca khaḍgamāṃsaṃ paraṃ haviḥ / viṣāṇavarjyakhaḍgāptyā āsūryañ cāśnuvāmahe

在毗湿婆提婆(Vaiśvadeva)与娑摩(Saumya)诸仪轨中,犀牛肉被宣示为最上供献。若得一头无角之犀牛,则所获功德恒久,直至太阳尚存。

वैश्वदेवम्the vaiśvadeva offering/rite
वैश्वदेवम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootवैश्वदेव (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन
and
:
Sambandha/Connector (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चयार्थक अव्यय (conjunction)
सौम्यम्the saumya offering/rite
सौम्यम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootसौम्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन
and
:
Sambandha/Connector (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चयार्थक अव्यय (conjunction)
खड्गमांसम्rhinoceros meat
खड्गमांसम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootखड्ग + मांस (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (खड्गस्य मांसम्)
परम्supreme, excellent
परम्:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootपर (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st) एकवचन; विशेषण (to हविः)
हविःoblation
हविः:
Karta/Predicate-nominal (कर्ता/विशेष्य)
TypeNoun
Rootहविस् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन
विषाणवर्ज्यखड्गाप्त्याby obtaining (it) without the horn
विषाणवर्ज्यखड्गाप्त्या:
Karaṇa/Hetu (करण/हेतु)
TypeNoun
Rootविषाण + वर्ज्य + खड्ग + आप्ति (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/तृतीया), एकवचन; करणवाचक (instrumental); बहुपद-तत्पुरुष: (विषाणेन वर्ज्यः) खड्गः तस्य आप्तिः = ‘obtaining a rhinoceros excluding the horn’
up to
:
Sambandha/Connector (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootआ (अव्यय)
Formउपसर्ग/अव्यय (preverb/particle) — here with सूर्य (up to)
सूर्यम्the sun (sunset)
सूर्यम्:
Karma/Avadhi (कर्म/अवधि)
TypeNoun
Rootसूर्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन; अवधी/पर्यन्तवाचक (limit)
and
:
Sambandha/Connector (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चयार्थक अव्यय (conjunction)
अश्नुवामहेwe partake/eat
अश्नुवामहे:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootअश् (धातु)
Formलट् (Present/वर्तमान), उत्तमपुरुष (1st person), बहुवचन; आत्मनेपद
Madālasā (instructional discourse on ritual fruits)

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "adbhuta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Viśvedevāḥ (All-gods)Soma (implied)Pitṛs (context of śrāddha/offerings)
DharmaPitṛ PūjāRitual hierarchy of offeringsMerit (puṇya)

FAQs

The verse uses ‘superlative reward’ language to stress fidelity to prescribed rites. It also hints at restraint (the ‘without horn’ phrase) as an ethical qualifier on acquisition, though the exact intent depends on traditional interpretation.

Not pancalakṣaṇa proper; it is ritual-dharma instruction embedded in the Purāṇa, functioning as practical guidance alongside genealogical/cosmological materials elsewhere.

‘Until the sun’ is a symbolic way of saying ‘cosmically enduring merit.’ The hornless condition can be read as a marker of non-violence/renunciation of exploitative gain, aligning ritual efficacy with ethical constraint.