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Markandeya Purana — Adhyaya 27, Shloka 15

Adhyaya 27 — Madālasa’s Instruction to King Alarka: Royal Ethics, Self-Conquest, and Statecraft

Sanskrit

हतमैलं तथा लोभान्मदाद्वेनं द्विजैर्हतम् ।

मानादनायुषापुत्रं बलिं हर्षात् पुरञ्जयम् ॥

Transliteration

hatamailaṃ tathā lobhān madād venaṃ dvijair hatam /

mānād anāyuṣāputraṃ baliṃ harṣāt purañjayam

Translation

同样，（当忆念）阿伊拉（Aila）因贪而被杀；维那（Vena）因傲慢而为婆罗门所诛；婆利（Bali，阿那优萨之子）因慢而亡；普兰阇耶（Purañjaya）因放纵欢喜而败——（故当制伏此等过失）。

Word by Word
हतम्slain
हतम्:
Karma (कर्म/Object qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootहन् (धातु) (कृदन्त)
Formक्त (past passive participle), पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; ‘slain’
इलम्Ila
इलम्:
Karma (कर्म/Object of implied स्मृत्वा)
TypeNoun
Rootइल (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; proper noun (Ila)
तथाlikewise
तथा:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (adverb) ‘likewise’
लोभात्from greed
लोभात्:
Hetu (हेतु/Cause)
TypeNoun
Rootलोभ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी, एकवचन; cause
मदात्from pride
मदात्:
Hetu (हेतु/Cause)
TypeNoun
Rootमद (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी, एकवचन; cause
वेनम्Vena
वेनम्:
Karma (कर्म/Object of implied स्मृत्वा)
TypeNoun
Rootवेन (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; proper noun (Vena)
द्विजैःby Brahmins
द्विजैः:
Karana (करण/Instrument)
TypeNoun
Rootद्विज (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन
हतम्slain
हतम्:
Karma (कर्म/Object qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootहन् (धातु) (कृदन्त)
Formक्त, पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; qualifies ‘वेनम्’
मानात्from arrogance
मानात्:
Hetu (हेतु/Cause)
TypeNoun
Rootमान (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी, एकवचन; cause
अनायुषापुत्रम्(having) a short-lived son
अनायुषापुत्रम्:
Karma (कर्म/Object qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootअ + आयुष (प्रातिपदिक) + पुत्र (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; नञ्-तत्पुरुष: ‘short-lived son’ / ‘son without long life’
बलिम्Bali
बलिम्:
Karma (कर्म/Object of implied स्मृत्वा)
TypeNoun
Rootबलि (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; proper noun (Bali)
हर्षात्from elation
हर्षात्:
Hetu (हेतु/Cause)
TypeNoun
Rootहर्ष (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी, एकवचन; cause
पुरञ्जयम्Purañjaya
पुरञ्जयम्:
Karma (कर्म/Object of implied स्मृत्वा)
TypeNoun
Rootपुरञ्जय (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; proper noun (Purañjaya)
Speakers
Didactic instruction within the Markandeya Purana’s nīti/rājadharma discourse (speaker not specified in the provided excerpt)
Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "dharma", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes
DharmaMoral exemplaDownfall of kingsInner enemies

FAQs

The verse reinforces that each inner vice has a historical ‘case study’ of ruin; kingship is portrayed as accountable to dharma (even Brahmins can depose a tyrant like Vena), and emotional excess—pleasant or unpleasant—can be politically fatal.

Didactic nīti with genealogical/name allusions, but not structured as vaṃśānucarita narration here; thus ancillary instruction rather than pancalakṣaṇa proper.

Each named fall symbolizes a specific psychic collapse: greed’s grasping, arrogance’s intoxication, pride’s rigidity, and elation’s carelessness—together mapping a full spectrum of imbalance that dethrones dharmic discernment.

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