Shloka 26

Adhyaya 24 — Kuvalayashva’s Refusal of Gifts and the Vision of Madalasa’s Maya

Sanskrit

ततस्तौ प्रणिपत्योभौ राजपुत्रस्य यन्मतम् ।

तत्पितुः सकलं वीरौ कथयामासतुः स्फुटम् ॥

Transliteration

tatas tau praṇipatya ubhau rāja-putrasya yan matam / tat pituḥ sakalaṃ vīrau kathayām āsatuḥ sphuṭam

Translation

于是那两位英雄俯首致敬，清楚而完整地向其父禀告王子所欲之意。

Word by Word

• tataḥ: then
• tataḥ: Kāla/Sequence (काल/अनन्तर)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tataḥ (अव्यय; tad-ablatival)
• Form: Ablatival adverb (ततः) ‘then/thereupon’

• tau: those two
• tau: Karta/Subject (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Dual (द्विवचन)

• praṇipatya: having bowed
• praṇipatya: Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकाल-क्रिया)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: pra-√nam (धातु) → praṇipatya (ल्यप्/क्त्वा-समकक्ष अव्ययकृदन्त)
• Form: Absolutive (ल्यप्) ‘having bowed down’

• ubhau: both
• ubhau: Apposition to ‘tau’ (समाधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ubha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Dual (द्विवचन)

• rāja-putrasya: of the prince
• rāja-putrasya: Sambandha/Genitive (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rājan (प्रातिपदिक) + putra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Tatpuruṣa (तत्पुरुष) ‘king’s son’; Masculine, Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Singular (एकवचन)

• yat-matam: the opinion/intention which (he had)
• yat-matam: Karma/Object (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक) + mata (कृदन्त; √man, क्त)
• Form: Tatpuruṣa (तत्पुरुष) ‘which opinion/what he thought’; Neuter, Nominative/Accusative (1st/2nd), Singular

• tat: that
• tat: Karma/Object (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)

• pituḥ: to the father / of the father
• pituḥ: Sampradāna/Recipient (सम्प्रदान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: pitṛ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Singular (एकवचन)

• sakalam: entire
• sakalam: Viśeṣaṇa of ‘tat’ (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sakala (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)

• vīrau: the two heroes
• vīrau: Karta/Subject (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vīra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Dual (द्विवचन)

• kathayāmāsatuḥ: told / related
• kathayāmāsatuḥ: Kriyā/Action (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: kathaya (णिजन्त; √kath/√kathay) (धातु)
• Form: Periphrastic perfect (लिट्-परस्मै/आत्मने मिश्र; आमास-योग), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Dual (द्विवचन), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद)

• sphuṭam: clearly
• sphuṭam: Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: sphuṭa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Adverbial accusative used as indeclinable (क्रियाविशेषणवत्) ‘clearly’

Speakers

• Narration: the Nāga-lord’s two sons act as intermediaries

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "vira", "secondaryRasa": "shanta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Filial respect
• Clear communication of intent
• Courtly/ethical protocol

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Respectful conduct (praṇipāta) and truthful clarity (sphuṭa-kathana) are portrayed as integral to dharma in social relations.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Narrative ethics (ācāra) rather than pancalakṣaṇa.

What is the esoteric significance?

The ‘two sons’ mediating intent can symbolize the translation of inner resolve into outward action through disciplined faculties—first reverence, then clear articulation.