Shloka 21

Adhyaya 18 — Arjuna Declines the Throne; Garga Directs Him to Dattatreya; The Gods Defeat the Daityas through Dattatreya’s Vision and the Movement of Lakshmi

Sanskrit

स वो दैत्यविनाशाय वरदो दास्यते वरम् ।

ततो हनिष्यथ सुराः सहिता दैत्यदानवान् ॥

Transliteration

sa vo daityavināśāya varado dāsyate varam |

tato haniṣyatha surāḥ sahitā daityadānavān ||

Translation

彼为赐愿者，将赐予你们一愿，以成就对阿底耶（Daitya）的毁灭。其后，诸神合一，必将诛灭阿底耶与达那婆（Dānava）。

Word by Word

• सः: he
• सः: कर्ता (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम/प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/कर्ता), एकवचन; सर्वनाम

• वः: to you / for you
• वः: सम्प्रदान/सम्बन्ध (Beneficiary/Genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: युष्मद् (सर्वनाम/प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी (6th/सम्बन्ध) बहुवचन (enclitic genitive ‘of you/for you’)

• दैत्य-विनाशाय: for the destruction of the Daityas
• दैत्य-विनाशाय: प्रयोजन (Purpose/प्रयोजन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दैत्य (प्रातिपदिक) + विनाश (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, चतुर्थी (4th/सम्प्रदान/प्रयोजन), एकवचन; समासः षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (दैत्यस्य विनाशः)

• वरदः: the boon-giver
• वरदः: कर्ता-विशेषण (Attribute of subject/कर्ता-विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वरद (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; विशेषण

• दास्यते: will give
• दास्यते: क्रिया (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: दा (धातु)
• Form: लृट् (Simple Future), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन; आत्मनेपदम्

• वरम्: a boon
• वरम्: कर्म (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/कर्म), एकवचन

• ततः: then
• ततः: क्रियाविशेषण (Adverb/क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; तस्मात्-अर्थे (adverb: ‘then/thereupon’)

• हनिष्यथ: you will slay
• हनिष्यथ: क्रिया (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: हन् (धातु)
• Form: लृट् (Simple Future), मध्यमपुरुष (2nd), बहुवचन; परस्मैपदम्

• सुराः: O gods / the gods
• सुराः: कर्ता (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सुर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/कर्ता), बहुवचन

• सहिता: together, united
• सहिता: कर्ता-विशेषण (Attribute of subject/कर्ता-विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सह (उपसर्ग) + इ (धातु) → सहित (कृदन्त/क्त)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन (अर्थतः ‘सहिताः’); क्त-प्रत्ययान्त विशेषण

• दैत्य-दानवान्: the Daityas and Dānavas
• दैत्य-दानवान्: कर्म (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दैत्य (प्रातिपदिक) + दानव (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/कर्म), बहुवचन; समासः इतरेतर-द्वन्द्वः

Speakers

• Bṛhaspati (continuing speech)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "vira", "secondaryRasa": "raudra", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Primary Deities

• Dattātreya
• Devas (collective)

Key Themes

• Divine boon
• Collective effort
• Restoration of cosmic balance

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Grace (vara) and effort (united devas) are paired. The boon enables, but does not replace, coordinated right action—an ethic of empowered responsibility.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Episode within Purāṇic narrative history illustrating maintenance of order (dharma) through divine-human (deva-ṛṣi) cooperation; ancillary to the main fivefold topics.

What is the esoteric significance?

The ‘boon’ symbolizes an inner upāya (means) obtained through surrender to higher wisdom; ‘sahitāḥ’ indicates integration of fragmented faculties to overcome inner asuric tendencies.