Shloka 36
आपद्धर्मे वैश्यवृत्तिः, विक्रय-निषेधाः, तथा ब्रह्म-क्षत्र-सम्बन्धः
Emergency Livelihood, Prohibited Trade, and Brahman–Kshatra Regulation
ब्राह्मणो यदि वा वैश्य: शूद्रो वा राजसत्तम । दस्युभ्यो5थ प्रजा रक्षेद् दण्डं धर्मेण धारयन्
brāhmaṇo yadi vā vaiśyaḥ śūdro vā rājasattama | dasyubhyo 'tha prajā rakṣed daṇḍaṃ dharmeṇa dhārayan ||
尤狄湿提罗说：“最胜之王啊！若婆罗门、吠舍，乃至首陀罗——依正法执持惩罚之杖——以护民于盗贼之众，此举可谓正当乎？当掠夺者滋蔓、社会秩序濒危，而刹帝利护民之责又无良策可行之时，是否应许他种姓中强而能任者，为护持正法、救民于劫掠而执掌强制之权？”
युधिछिर उवाच
Educational Q&A
The verse frames an ethical question about emergency governance: when the Kṣatriya function of protecting society fails, can non-Kṣatriyas legitimately wield daṇḍa (coercive punishment) to defend the people—provided it is done in accordance with dharma.
In the Śānti Parva dialogue, Yudhiṣṭhira raises a practical dilemma to the elder authority: with robbers increasing and social stability threatened, he asks whether a capable Brahmin, Vaiśya, or Śūdra may take up righteous punitive power to protect the populace from marauders.