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Shloka 42

Āśrama-dharma: Duties of the Four Life-Stages (आश्रमधर्मः)

क्योंकि श्रद्धा सबसे बड़ा देवता है। वही यज्ञ करने-वालोंको पवित्र करती है। ब्राह्मण साक्षात्‌ यज्ञ करानेके कारण परम देवता माने गये हैं। सभी वर्णोके लोग अपने-अपने कर्मद्वारा एक-दूसरेके यज्ञोंमें सहायक होते हैं ।।

ayajann iha satrais te tais taiḥ kāmaiḥ samāhitāḥ | saṃsṛṣṭā brāhmaṇair eva triṣu varṇeṣu sṛṣṭayaḥ ||

毗湿摩阐明:在此世间,信(śraddhā)为至大之神;正是它净化行祭之人。婆罗门因亲自主持并成就祭祀,故被视为至上的神圣。诸种姓之人,各以其业,互为他人之祭助缘。世人举行种种萨特拉祭(satra-yajña,长时祭会),各各系念于不同的目的与欲求;然而这些事业唯有依凭与婆罗门相应相随,方得如法成立,因为社会诸阶序乃由婆罗门的仪礼与神圣职分所建立并维系。其伦理旨趣在于:宗教行为与社会协作,赖于正当的引导与种姓之间的相互扶持,而婆罗门是不可或缺的仪礼中介。

अयजन्they performed sacrifice / they sacrificed
अयजन्:
TypeVerb
Rootयज्
Formलङ् (Imperfect), 3, Plural, Parasmaipada
नराःmen
नराः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
सत्रैःwith sacrificial sessions (satras)
सत्रैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootसत्र
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Plural
तेthose (they)
ते:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
तैःby/with those
तैः:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Plural
तैःby/with those
तैः:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Plural
कामैःwith desires / aims
कामैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootकाम
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
समाहिताःintent on / absorbed in / concentrated on
समाहिताः:
TypeAdjective
Rootसम्-आ-धा
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural, क्त (past passive participle)
संसृष्टाःassociated/connected; brought into conjunction
संसृष्टाः:
TypeAdjective
Rootसम्-सृज्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural, क्त (past passive participle)
ब्राह्मणैःby Brahmins
ब्राह्मणैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
एवindeed / just / only
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
त्रिषुin the three
त्रिषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNumeral/Adjective
Rootत्रि
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative, Plural
वर्णेषुin the varnas (social orders)
वर्णेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootवर्ण
FormMasculine, Locative, Plural
सृष्टयःcreations / arrangements / formations
सृष्टयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसृष्टि
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
B
Brahmins (Brāhmaṇas)
T
the three varṇas (tri-varṇa)
S
satra (sacrificial session)

Educational Q&A

Ritual and social dharma function through interdependence: people pursue aims through yajña, but the rites are properly formed and sanctified through Brahmin guidance, and the varṇas support one another’s religious duties.

In the Śānti Parva’s instruction on dharma, Bhishma continues advising Yudhiṣṭhira, describing how sacrificial activity in society is organized—people undertake satra-yajñas for various goals, yet these are carried out in conjunction with Brahmins, who serve as key ritual agents within the varṇa framework.