Shloka 11

Adhyātma–Adhibhūta–Adhidaivata Correspondences and the Triguṇa Lakṣaṇas (Śānti-parva 301)

Devanagari script

प्राप्त काले च यद्‌ दुःखं सततं विषयैषिणाम्‌ | तिर्यक्षु पततां दुःखं पततां नरके च यत्‌

Transliteration

prāpta-kāle ca yad duḥkhaṁ satataṁ viṣayaiṣiṇām | tiryakṣu patatāṁ duḥkhaṁ patatāṁ narake ca yat ||

Translation

毗湿摩说道：“当命定之时到来，那些恒常追逐诸欲境者，反复遭受的痛苦，当深加省察；又当省察堕入畜生之生的众生之苦，以及堕入地狱者之苦。”

Word by Word

• प्राप्ते: when (the time is) reached / at the arrived time
• प्राप्ते: Adhikarana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: प्राप्त (√आप् + क्त)
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Locative, Singular

• काले: in time / at the time
• काले: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: काल
• Form: Masculine, Locative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• यत्: which (that)
• यत्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद्
• Form: Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular

• दुःखम्: suffering, pain
• दुःखम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: दुःख
• Form: Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular

• सततम्: always, continually
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सतत

• विषयैषिणाम्: of those who desire sense-objects
• Type: Noun
• Root: विषयैषिन् (विषय + एषिन्)
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Plural

• तिर्यक्षु: among animals / in the animal state
• तिर्यक्षु: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: तिर्यक्
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Locative, Plural

• पतताम्: of those falling
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: पतत् (√पत् शतृ)
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural

• दुःखम्: suffering, pain
• दुःखम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: दुःख
• Form: Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular

• पतताम्: of those falling
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: पतत् (√पत् शतृ)
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural

• नरके: in hell
• नरके: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: नरक
• Form: Masculine, Locative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• यत्: which (that)
• यत्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद्
• Form: Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular

Speaker

भीष्म उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Bhīṣma
• Naraka (hell)
• Tiryagyoni (animal realm)
• Viṣaya (sense-objects)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Attachment to sense-objects leads to recurring suffering, and karmic downfall can culminate in painful states such as animal birth and hell; therefore one should cultivate discernment and restraint rather than compulsive pursuit of pleasures.

What is happening in the narrative?

In the Śānti Parva discourse, Bhīṣma continues instructing the king on the consequences of desire-driven living, contrasting worldly craving with the grim outcomes of karmic decline (tiryagyoni and naraka) to motivate ethical self-control and higher knowledge.