Shloka 11

भिक्षुलक्षणम्—एकचर्याः, अहिंसा, कैवल्याश्रमः

Marks of the Mendicant: Solitary Wandering, Non-Injury, and the Kaivalya-Discipline

Devanagari script

भूतानां जन्म सर्वेषां विविधानां चतुर्विधम्‌ | जरायुजाण्डजोद्धिज्जस्वेदजं चोपलक्षयेत्‌

Transliteration

bhūtānāṃ janma sarveṣāṃ vividhānāṃ caturvidham | jarāyujāṇḍajodbhijja-svedajaṃ copalakṣayet |

Translation

毗耶娑说：当观一切众生之生，虽形类纷纭，然其出生不外四种：胎生（jarāyuja）、卵生（āṇḍaja）、湿热生（svedaja）、地生草木之类（udbhijja）。此一观照，能广开对轮回（saṃsāra）的理解，并引人以明辨而不害之心，善待一切生命形态。

Word by Word

• भूतानाम्: of beings
• भूतानाम्: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: भूत
• Form: Neuter, Genitive, Plural

• जन्म: birth
• जन्म: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: जन्मन्
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• सर्वेषाम्: of all
• सर्वेषाम्: Adhikarana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्व
• Form: Neuter, Genitive, Plural

• विविधानाम्: of various kinds
• विविधानाम्: Adhikarana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: विविध
• Form: Neuter, Genitive, Plural

• चतुर्विधम्: fourfold
• चतुर्विधम्: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: चतुर्विध
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• जरायुज: womb-born (viviparous)
• जरायुज: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: जरायुज
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• अण्डज: egg-born (oviparous)
• अण्डज: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: अण्डज
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• उद्भिज्ज: sprout-born (germinating from earth/seed)
• उद्भिज्ज: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: उद्भिज्ज
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• स्वेदजम्: moisture/sweat-born
• स्वेदजम्: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: स्वेदज
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• उपलक्षयेत्: should observe/recognize
• Type: Verb
• Root: उप-लक्ष्
• Form: Optative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

Speaker

व्यास उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Vyāsa
• bhūtāni (all beings)