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Shloka 23

अध्याय २०८ — इन्द्रियनिग्रहः, सत्याहिंसात्मकवाक्, कर्मफलविवेकः

Restraint of the Senses, Non-harming Truthful Speech, and Discernment of Karmic Consequence

एवमेते समाम्नाता विश्वेदेवास्तथाश्विनौ । आदित्या: क्षत्रियास्तेषां विशश्षु मरतस्तथा

evam ete samāmnātā viśvedevās tathāśvinau | ādityāḥ kṣatriyās teṣāṃ viśaḥṣu marutas tathā ||

毗湿摩说道:“因此,依传统所传,这些群类被如此列举:毗湿毗天与两位阿湿毗尼,皆为天众之集。于诸神之中,阿底提耶被视为刹帝利,而摩鲁特亦被视为吠舍。”

एवम्thus, in this manner
एवम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएवम्
एतेthese
एते:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
समाम्नाताःare traditionally enumerated/recited
समाम्नाताः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसम्-आ-√म्ना (समाम्नात)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
विश्वेदेवाःthe Viśvedevas
विश्वेदेवाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootविश्वदेव
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
तथाalso, likewise
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
अश्विनौthe two Aśvins
अश्विनौ:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअश्विन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
आदित्याःthe Ādityas
आदित्याः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootआदित्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
क्षत्रियाःKṣatriyas (warrior class)
क्षत्रियाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootक्षत्रिय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
तेषाम्of them
तेषाम्:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural
विशःVaiśyas (the people/merchant class)
विशः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootविश्
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural
मरुतःthe Maruts
मरुतः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमरुत्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
तथाalso, likewise
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
V
Viśvedevas
A
Aśvinau (Aśvinīkumāras)
Ā
Ādityas
M
Maruts
K
Kṣatriya (varna category)
V
Vaiśya (varna category)

Educational Q&A

The verse presents a traditional (samāmnāta) mapping of divine groups onto varṇa categories, using social classes as an analogy to describe functions and status among deities—highlighting how dharma literature often explains cosmic order through familiar social frameworks.

In Śānti Parva’s instructional setting, Bhīṣma continues a didactic exposition by listing recognized classes of gods (Viśvedevas, Aśvins, Ādityas, Maruts) and stating how some are conventionally regarded in terms of varṇa (Ādityas as Kṣatriyas; Maruts as Vaiśyas).