Shloka 40
मृदु-तीक्ष्ण-नीति तथा दुष्टलक्षण-विज्ञानम्
Measured Policy and the Recognition of Malicious Disposition
न सामदण्डोपनिषत् प्रशस्यते । नमार्दवं शत्रुषु यात्रिकं सदा | न सस्यघातो न च संकरक्रिया न चापि भूय: प्रकृते्विचारणा
na sāma-daṇḍopaniṣat praśasyate | na mārḍavaṁ śatruṣu yātrikaṁ sadā | na sasyaghāto na ca saṅkarakriyā na cāpi bhūyaḥ prakṛti-vicāraṇā |
毗湿摩说道：“将怀柔与公开惩罚相杂糅的政策，并不为人称许。对敌一味柔软并非恒常之道；然而持续不断的进攻也未必处处得当。毁坏敌人的庄稼，或以毒投水等卑劣诡计，亦不可取。并且在此情势下，反复权衡国家诸要素也少有裨益；不如施以隐密而精准的惩戒之策，对敌更为上乘。”
भीष्म उवाच
Educational Q&A
Bhishma advises that neither perpetual softness nor perpetual aggression is universally right in dealing with enemies. He rejects openly mixing conciliation with punishment as a praised policy, condemns unethical tactics like destroying crops and poisoning resources, and recommends discreet, targeted punitive action rather than endless theoretical deliberation.
In the Shanti Parva’s instruction on rājadharma, Bhishma is teaching Yudhiṣṭhira principles of governance and enemy-policy. This verse focuses on practical and ethical limits in statecraft: what kinds of measures are not commendable and what kind of restrained, concealed coercion may be preferable in confronting hostile powers.