Shloka 8
Devanagari script
एते द्रवन्ति पठ्चाला: कर्णत्रस्ता जनार्दन | एष दुर्योधनो राजा श्वेतच्छत्रेण धार्यता
Transliteration
ete dravanti pāñcālāḥ karṇatrastā janārdana | eṣa duryodhano rājā śvetacchatreṇa dhāryatā ||
Translation
阿周那说道：“阇那尔达那啊，般遮罗人因惧迦尔纳而溃逃。看，那便是杜尤陀那王——以白色王伞为标识。”
Word by Word
एतेthese (men)
एते:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
द्रवन्तिrun / flee
द्रवन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootद्रु (धावने)
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
पाञ्चालाःthe Panchalas
पाञ्चालाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपाञ्चाल
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
कर्णत्रस्ताःfrightened of Karna
कर्णत्रस्ताः:
TypeAdjective
Rootकर्णत्रस्त
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
जनार्दनO Janardana
जनार्दन:
TypeNoun
Rootजनार्दन
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
एषःthis (one)
एषः:
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
दुर्योधनःDuryodhana
दुर्योधनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदुर्योधन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
राजाking
राजा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
श्वेतच्छत्रेणwith a white parasol
श्वेतच्छत्रेण:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootश्वेतच्छत्र
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
धार्यताम्let (it) be held / should be held
धार्यताम्:
TypeVerb
Rootधृ (धारणे)
FormImperative, Third, Singular, Passive
Speaker
अजुन उवाच
Characters & Entities
A
ArjunaJ
Janārdana (Kṛṣṇa)P
PāñcālasK
KarṇaD
DuryodhanaW
white royal parasol (śvetacchatra)Character Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
War Context
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Geographic Context
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes
Educational Q&A
The verse highlights how fear and battlefield momentum can shift collective morale, and how kingship is publicly signaled through symbols like the white parasol—reminding that power is both psychological and ceremonial, not merely physical.
Arjuna points out to Kṛṣṇa that the Pāñcāla forces are retreating in panic due to Karṇa’s pressure, and he identifies Duryodhana on the field, distinguished by the white royal parasol carried over him.