Shloka 323
Adhyāya 41 — Kṛṣṇa’s Battlefield Briefing and the Renewal of the Great Engagement
उपसर्गाद् बहुधा सूदतेश्व प्रायेण सर्व त्वयि तच्च महाम् । “शद् शास
sañjaya uvāca | upasargād bahudhā sūdateśva prāyeṇa sarva tvayi tac ca mahām | ṣaḍ śāsa, śo, śū, śvas athavā ṣaḍ tathā nānā-prakārake upasargaiḥ yukta sūd-dhātose’pi śatru-śabdasya siddhir bhavati | mama prati etāsu sarvāsu dhātuṣu sarva-tātparyaṁ tum̐me saṅghaṭitaṁ bhavati |
三阇耶说道：“凭借诸多前缀（介词性前加成分）的力量，‘敌’之义往往可以用多种方式推导出来——甚至连与不同前加词相合的动词根 sūd 也能引申出‘敌人’之意。然而，伟大者啊，把这些意义的层层阴影合而观之，在我与你之间却仿佛尽皆汇聚于你：凡‘敌’字经由此类推衍所能涵摄的一切含意，其圆满之旨，恰似都在你身上具象成形。”
संजय उवाच
Educational Q&A
The verse highlights how language can gather many nuanced meanings—here, the idea of ‘enemy’—and how, in a moral and emotional context, those nuances can be felt as fully realized in a particular person. It underscores the ethical weight of enmity: hostility is not merely a label but a convergence of intentions and actions.
Sañjaya speaks in a reflective, rhetorically charged way, invoking grammatical/derivational reasoning about how the word ‘enemy’ can be formed. He then applies that layered meaning to a personal relationship, implying that the full sense of antagonism is, for him, concentrated in the addressed ‘great one’.