Shloka 29

Adhyāya 41 — Kṛṣṇa’s Battlefield Briefing and the Renewal of the Great Engagement

Devanagari script

अवोचचस्त्वं पाण्डवार्थेडप्रियाणि प्रधर्षयन्‌ मां मूढवत्‌ पापकर्मन्‌

Transliteration

avocaca stvaṃ pāṇḍavārthe 'priyāṇi pradharṣayan māṃ mūḍhavat pāpakarman

Translation

三阇耶说道：“而你因憎恨般度族的事业而被驱使，说出令人不悦之言——像愚人一般辱骂我，噫，作恶之徒！”

Word by Word

• अवोचः: you said/spoke
• Type: Verb
• Root: वच्
• Form: लुङ् (Aorist, simple past), 2, Singular, परस्मैपद

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• त्वम्: you
• त्वम्: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: त्वद्
• Form: —, Nominative, Singular

• पाण्डव-अर्थे: in/for the cause of the Pāṇḍavas
• पाण्डव-अर्थे: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: पाण्डव + अर्थ
• Form: Masculine, Locative, Singular

• प्रियाणि: pleasant (words/things)
• प्रियाणि: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: प्रिय
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Plural

• प्रधर्षयन्: insulting/assailing
• प्रधर्षयन्: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्र-धृष्
• Form: शतृ (present active participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• माम्: me
• माम्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद्
• Form: —, Accusative, Singular

• मूढवत्: like a fool; foolishly
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: मूढ + वत्

• पाप-कर्मन्: O evil-doer (one of sinful deeds)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पाप + कर्मन्
• Form: Neuter, Vocative, Singular

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Pāṇḍavas

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights the ethical weight of speech: hostility to a righteous cause can lead one to contemptuous, harmful words. Insulting others and speaking what is “apriya” (unwelcome/harsh) is framed as a mark of pāpa (moral fault), especially when driven by partisan anger.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya addresses an interlocutor (implicitly Dhṛtarāṣṭra in the broader frame) and reproaches him for having spoken disagreeable, insulting words against the Pāṇḍavas’ interest, treating Sañjaya with contempt and thereby revealing blameworthy conduct.