Shloka 28

Adhyāya 41 — Kṛṣṇa’s Battlefield Briefing and the Renewal of the Great Engagement

Devanagari script

अप्रियो य: पुरुषो निष्ठुरो हि क्षुद्र: क्षेप्ता क्षमिणश्नाक्षमावान्‌

Transliteration

apriyo yaḥ puruṣo niṣṭhuro hi kṣudraḥ kṣeptā kṣamiṇo 'kṣamāvān

Translation

三阇耶说道：“那种令人厌恶之人，确实粗暴而卑劣——惯于抛掷辱骂——纵使看似‘能忍’，其实本性不肯饶恕。”

Word by Word

• अप्रियः: unpleasant, disagreeable
• अप्रियः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अप्रिय
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• यः: who
• यः: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• पुरुषः: man, person
• पुरुषः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: पुरुष
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• निष्ठुरः: harsh, cruel
• निष्ठुरः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: निष्ठुर
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• हि: indeed, for
• हि: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: हि

• क्षुद्रः: mean, petty, base
• क्षुद्रः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: क्षुद्र
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• क्षेप्ता: reviler, one who throws abuse
• क्षेप्ता: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: क्षेप्तृ
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• क्षमिणः: of the patient/forbearing person
• क्षमिणः: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: क्षमिन्
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Singular

• न: not
• न: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न

• क्षमावान्: forbearing, patient
• क्षमावान्: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: क्षमावत्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Harshness, pettiness, and a habit of insulting others reveal an unforgiving nature; true forbearance is shown not by outward claims but by restrained speech and genuine patience.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya is describing a type of person by listing moral traits—disagreeable, harsh, petty, insulting—contrasting the appearance of being ‘forbearing’ with the reality of being unforgiving, as part of a broader ethical characterization within the war narrative.