Shloka 36
अध्याय ८८ — घटोत्कच-दुर्योधनयुद्धवर्णनम्
Ghaṭotkaca–Duryodhana Engagement
Devanagari script
(जयद्रथो भग्नवाहो रथं तं त्यक्त्वा ययौ यत्र राजा कुरूणाम् | स सौबल: सानुगः सानुजश्न दृष्टवा भीम॑ मूढचेता भयार्त: ।।
Transliteration
jayadratho bhagnavāho rathaṁ taṁ tyaktvā yayau yatra rājā kurūṇām | sa saubalaḥ sānugaḥ sānujaś ca dṛṣṭvā bhīmaṁ mūḍhacetā bhayārtaḥ ||
Translation
三阇耶说道：当他的战马被杀，阇耶陀罗舍弃那辆战车，奔向俱卢之王（难敌）所在之处，那里有沙恭尼、随从与诸弟相伴。见到毗摩，阇耶陀罗心神迷乱，不知所措，惶惧缠身。此景昭示：战场纷乱之中，一旦倚仗崩解而又直面更强之力，勇气便会坍塌，决断让位于恐惧与迷惘。
Word by Word
जयद्रथःJayadratha
जयद्रथः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootजयद्रथ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
भग्नवाहःwhose horses/vehicle were broken (i.e., with slain horses)
भग्नवाहः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootभग्नवाह
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
रथम्chariot
रथम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootरथ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
तम्that
तम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
त्यक्त्वाhaving abandoned
त्यक्त्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootत्यज्
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund)
ययौwent
ययौ:
TypeVerb
Rootया
FormPerfect (Liṭ), 3rd, Singular
यत्रwhere
यत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयत्र
राजाking
राजा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
कुरूणाम्of the Kurus
कुरूणाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootकुरु
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सौबलःthe son of Subala (Shakuni)
सौबलः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसौबल
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सानुगःwith followers
सानुगः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसानुग
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सानुजःwith younger brothers
सानुजः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसानुज
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
दृष्ट्वाhaving seen
दृष्ट्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootदृश्
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund)
भीमम्Bhima
भीमम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootभीम
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
मूढचेताःbewildered-minded
मूढचेताः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootमूढचेतस्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
भयार्तःdistressed by fear
भयार्तः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootभयार्त
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
भीमःBhima
भीमः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभीम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अपिalso
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
अथthen
अथ:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअथ
एनम्him
एनम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
सहसाsuddenly
सहसा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसहसा
विनद्यhaving roared
विनद्य:
TypeVerb
Rootनद्
Formल्यप् (absolutive/gerund), वि
प्रत्युद्ययौrushed forth against (him)
प्रत्युद्ययौ:
TypeVerb
Rootया
FormPerfect (Liṭ), 3rd, Singular, प्रति + उद्
गदयाwith a mace
गदया:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootगदा
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Singular
हन्तुकामःdesiring to kill
हन्तुकामः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootहन्तुकाम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सौबलम्Shakuni
सौबलम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसौबल
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
तवyour
तव:
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
FormGenitive, Singular
पुत्रम्son
पुत्रम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपुत्र
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
निरीक्ष्यhaving looked at
निरीक्ष्य:
TypeVerb
Rootईक्ष्
Formल्यप् (absolutive/gerund), नि
दुर्योधनम्Duryodhana
दुर्योधनम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदुर्योधन
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
सानुजम्together with his younger brothers
सानुजम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootसानुज
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
रोषयुक्तःfilled with anger
रोषयुक्तः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootरोषयुक्त
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
समुद्यताम्raised up
समुद्यताम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootसमुद्यत
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular, क्त (past passive participle), सम् + उद्
ताम्that
ताम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
यमदण्डकल्पाम्like Yama's staff (death-rod)
यमदण्डकल्पाम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootयमदण्डकल्प
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
दृष्ट्वाhaving seen
दृष्ट्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootदृश्
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund)
गदाम्mace
गदाम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootगदा
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
तेthose
ते:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
कुरवःKurus (Kauravas)
कुरवः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकुरु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
समन्तात्on all sides
समन्तात्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसमन्तात्
विहायhaving abandoned/left
विहाय:
TypeVerb
Rootहा
Formल्यप् (absolutive/gerund), वि
सर्वेall
सर्वे:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
तवyour
तव:
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
FormGenitive, Singular
पुत्रम्son
पुत्रम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपुत्र
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
उग्रम्fierce
उग्रम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootउग्र
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
पातम्fall/strike (blow)
पातम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपात
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
गदायाःof the mace
गदायाः:
TypeNoun
Rootगदा
FormFeminine, Genitive, Singular
परिहर्तुकामाःwishing to avoid
परिहर्तुकामाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootपरिहर्तुकाम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
Speaker
संजय उवाच
Characters & Entities
स
संजय (Sañjaya)ज
जयद्रथ (Jayadratha)क
कुरूणां राजा / दुर्योधन (Kuru king / Duryodhana)स
सौबल / शकुनि (Saubala / Śakuni)भ
भीम (Bhīma)र
रथ (chariot)अ
अश्व/वाह (horses/steeds implied by bhagnavāha)Character Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
War Context
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Geographic Context
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes
Educational Q&A
The verse highlights a moral-psychological truth of warfare: when one’s supports (here, horses and chariot-power) collapse, pride and aggression quickly turn into fear and confusion. It implicitly warns that adharma-driven alliances often rely on external props; when those fail, inner steadiness is absent.
Jayadratha, having lost his horses, abandons his chariot and retreats toward Duryodhana’s position, where Śakuni and others are present. On seeing Bhīma, Jayadratha becomes mentally bewildered and overwhelmed by fear.