Shloka 47

Daiva–Puruṣakāra Discourse and the Elephant-Corps Engagement (भीमगजानीक-सम्भ्रान्ति)

Devanagari script

मूढाश्व॒ ते तमेवाजी विनदन्त: समाद्रवन्‌

Transliteration

mūḍhāśvā te tamevājī vinadantaḥ samādravan

Translation

三阇耶说道：那些战马在喧嚣混乱中迷失了方向，嘶鸣震耳，竟径直冲向那匹战马本身——这正是战场迷乱的写照：连受过训练的生灵也会被声浪、恐惧与冲势裹挟，而非凭清明的辨识行事。

Word by Word

• मूढाश्वाः: those whose horses were bewildered (men with confused horses)
• मूढाश्वाः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: मूढाश्व
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• ते: they
• ते: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• तम्: him
• तम्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• एव: indeed/just
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव

• अजी: in battle
• अजी: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: अजि
• Form: Masculine, Locative, Singular

• विनदन्तः: roaring/shouting
• विनदन्तः: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: वि-नद्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural, शतृ (present active participle)

• समाद्रवन्: ran up/charged
• Type: Verb
• Root: सम्-आ-द्रु
• Form: Imperfect (Laṅ), 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• horses
• war-horse
• battlefield (ājī)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights moha (confusion) amid violence: in war, even disciplined beings can lose clarity and be driven by panic and noise, suggesting the ethical cost of battle extends beyond human combatants.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya describes a battlefield moment where horses, disoriented, surge toward a particular war-horse while neighing loudly, conveying the press and disorder of the fighting.