Shloka 46

Devanagari script

एवं ते विरथा: सर्वे कृप: शल्यश्न मारिष | दुःशासनो विकर्णश्र॒ तथैव च विविंशति:

Transliteration

evaṁ te virathāḥ sarve kṛpaḥ śalyaś ca māriṣa | duḥśāsano vikarṇaś ca tathaiva ca viviṁśatiḥ ||

Translation

三阇耶说道：“于是他们全都成了无车之人——可敬者啊，克利帕与沙利耶亦复如是；杜沙萨那、毗迦尔那与毗毗摩湿底也同样如此。”此报凸显武运瞬息翻覆：名震一时的战士被迫陷入脆弱，提醒人们对权势与门第的傲慢，终将崩塌于战场与行止所招致的不可逃避之果报之前。

Word by Word

• एवम्: thus, in this manner
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एवम्

• ते: you (all)
• ते: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: युष्मद्
• Form: —, Nominative, Plural

• विरथाः: without chariots, dismounted
• विरथाः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: विरथ
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• सर्वे: all
• सर्वे: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्व
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• कृपः: Kripa
• कृपः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: कृप
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• शल्यः: Shalya
• शल्यः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: शल्य
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• अश्वत्थामा: Ashvatthama
• अश्वत्थामा: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: अश्वत्थामन्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• मारिष: O noble one / O sir
• Type: Noun
• Root: मारिष
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

• दुःशासनः: Duhshasana
• दुःशासनः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: दुःशासन
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• विकर्णः: Vikarna
• विकर्णः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: विकर्ण
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• तथा: so, likewise
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा

• एव: indeed, just
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• विविंशतिः: Vivimshati
• विविंशतिः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: विविंशति
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Kṛpa (Kṛpācārya)
• Śalya
• Duḥśāsana
• Vikarṇa
• Viviṁśati

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights the fragility of worldly power in war: even famed warriors can be suddenly stripped of their chariots and advantage. It implicitly cautions against arrogance and reminds that outcomes in conflict are shaped by circumstance and the moral momentum of one’s actions.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya reports to the listener that several leading Kaurava-side fighters—Kṛpa, Śalya, Duḥśāsana, Vikarṇa, and Viviṁśati—have become viratha, i.e., deprived of their chariots, indicating a serious setback and heightened vulnerability on the battlefield.