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Shloka 3

Puṣkara-Śapatha Itihāsa (Agastya–Indra Dispute at the Tīrthas) | पुष्कर-शपथ-आख्यानम्

भीष्मजीने कहा--युधिष्छिर! जो वेदोक्त व्रतका पालन नहीं करते, वे ब्राह्मणकी इच्छापूर्तिके लिये श्राद्धमें भोजन कर सकते हैं; किंतु जो वैदिक व्रतका पालन कर रहे हों, वे यदि किसीके अनुरोधसे श्राद्धका अन्न ग्रहण करते हैं तो उनका व्रत भंग हो जाता है ।।

yudhiṣṭhira uvāca | yad idaṃ tapa ity āhur upavāsaṃ pṛthagjanāḥ | tapaḥ syād etad eveha tapo 'nyad vāpi kiṃ bhavet ||

毗湿摩说道:“尤提士提罗啊,不奉行吠陀所说誓戒者,为满足婆罗门之愿,可以食用施罗陀(śrāddha)祭食;但若奉行吠陀誓戒之人,应他人请求而受用施罗陀之食,则其誓戒便告破坏。” 尤提士提罗说道:“祖父,世人常把禁食(upavāsa)称作苦行(tapas)。您对此作何看法?我想知道:在此世间,禁食本身就是真正的苦行吗,还是另有其他形态的tapas?”

युधिष्ठिरःYudhiṣṭhira
युधिष्ठिरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयुधिष्ठिर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
यत्that which
यत्:
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
इदम्this
इदम्:
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
तपःausterity, penance
तपः:
TypeNoun
Rootतपस्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
इतिthus
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
आहुःthey say
आहुः:
TypeVerb
Rootअह्
FormPerfect, 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada
उपवासम्fasting
उपवासम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootउपवास
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
पृथक्separately; as distinct (from other things)
पृथक्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपृथक्
जनाःpeople
जनाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootजन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
तपःausterity
तपः:
TypeNoun
Rootतपस्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
स्यात्would be; may be
स्यात्:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormOptative, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
एतत्this
एतत्:
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
एवindeed; only
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
इहhere; in this matter
इह:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइह
तपःausterity
तपः:
TypeNoun
Rootतपस्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
अन्यत्other (something else)
अन्यत्:
TypeAdjective
Rootअन्य
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
अपिalso; even
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
किम्what?
किम्:
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
भवेत्might be; could be
भवेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
FormOptative, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

युधिछ्िर उवाच

Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
B
Bhīṣma (implied as the addressee, ‘Grandfather’)

Educational Q&A

The verse frames an ethical inquiry: whether austerity (tapas) should be reduced to mere fasting, or understood more broadly as disciplined self-restraint and right conduct. Yudhiṣṭhira invites Bhīṣma to define tapas beyond popular assumptions.

During Bhīṣma’s instruction on dharma in the Anuśāsana Parva, Yudhiṣṭhira asks a clarifying question about religious practice: people commonly equate tapas with fasting, and he seeks Bhīṣma’s authoritative explanation of what truly constitutes austerity.