Shloka 6

प्रतिग्रहभेदः — The Distinction between Giving and Accepting

Vṛṣādarbhī–Saptarṣi Dialogue

Devanagari script

पूर्णे वर्षमहस्रान्ते स कृत्वा दुष्करं तप: । कालधर्मपरीतात्मा निधनं समुपागत:

Transliteration

pūrṇe varṣasahasrānte sa kṛtvā duṣkaraṃ tapaḥ | kāladharmaparītātmā nidhanaṃ samupāgataḥ ||

Translation

毗湿摩说道：“待满一千年之期，他行毕极其艰苦的苦行；其身心为时法（时间之律）所摄，遂至终点——命终而逝。”

Word by Word

• पूर्णे: when (it was) completed
• पूर्णे: Adhikarana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पूर्ण
• Form: Neuter, Locative, Singular

• वर्ष: of a year
• वर्ष: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: वर्ष
• Form: Neuter, Genitive, Singular

• सहस्र: of a thousand
• सहस्र: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: सहस्र
• Form: Neuter, Genitive, Singular

• अन्ते: at the end
• अन्ते: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: अन्त
• Form: Masculine, Locative, Singular

• सः: he
• सः: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• कृत्वा: having done
• कृत्वा: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: कृ
• Form: क्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral)

• दुष्करम्: difficult (to do)
• दुष्करम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दुष्कर
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• तपः: austerity, penance
• तपः: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: तपस्
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• काल: by time
• काल: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: काल
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Singular

• धर्म: by the law/ordained course
• धर्म: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: धर्म
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Singular

• परीत: overcome, encompassed
• Type: Verb
• Root: परि-इ (पर्येति)
• Form: क्त (past passive participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• आत्मा: self, person
• आत्मा: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: आत्मन्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• निधनम्: death, end
• निधनम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: निधन
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• समुपागतः: having reached, came to
• Type: Verb
• Root: सम्-उप-आ-गम्
• Form: क्त (past active participle usage), Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Speaker

भीष्म उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Bhīṣma
• Kāla (Time)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Even the most formidable austerity does not exempt one from the dominion of Kāla; the ordained law of Time culminates in death, underscoring impermanence and the limits of human striving.

What is happening in the narrative?

Bhīṣma reports that after completing a thousand-year period of severe tapas, the person being discussed—overcome by the inevitable course of Time—reaches his end (dies).