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Shloka 20

Śulka, Kanyā, and Dauhitra-Riktha: Discourse on Bride-Price and Inheritance Rights (शुल्क-कन्या-दौहित्र-रिक्थविचारः)

तयोर्विस्पर्थतोरेवे शपथो5यमभूत्‌ तदा । सहसोद्दिश्य विपुलं ततो वाक्यमथोचतु:

tayor vispartator eva śapatho 'yam abhūt tadā | sahasoddhiśya vipulaṃ tato vākyam athocatuḥ ||

毗湿摩说道:当他们二人仍彼此争竞不休之时,这誓言便在那一刻立下。其后,他们怀着大胆而强烈的意志,说出了分量极重的话语——这些话将束缚他们的行止,并塑造随后的一切。

तयोःof those two
तयोः:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
Formcommon, genitive, dual
विस्पर्धतोःof the two who were contending/rivaling
विस्पर्धतोः:
Adhikarana
TypeVerb
Rootविस्पर्ध्
Formcommon, genitive, dual, शतृ (present active participle)
इवas if/like
इव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव
शपथःan oath
शपथः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशपथ
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
अयम्this
अयम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
अभूत्arose/occurred/was
अभूत्:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
Formaorist (luṅ), 3rd, singular, parasmaipada
तदाthen
तदा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतदा
सहसाsuddenly/impetuously
सहसा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसहसा
उद्दिश्यhaving indicated/aiming at
उद्दिश्य:
TypeVerb
Rootउद्-√दिश्
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund)
विपुलम्vast/great (thing)
विपुलम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootविपुल
Formneuter, accusative, singular
ततःthereupon/from that
ततः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः
वाक्यम्speech/words
वाक्यम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवाक्य
Formneuter, accusative, singular
अथthen/now
अथ:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअथ
ऊचतुःthe two said
ऊचतुः:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
Formperfect (liṭ), 3rd, dual, parasmaipada

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
T
two unnamed disputants (tayoḥ)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights how contention can culminate in binding vows, and how speech—especially an oath—creates moral and practical obligations. It implicitly warns that forceful words spoken in the heat of rivalry can determine future conduct and consequences.

Bhīṣma narrates that two individuals are engaged in a contest or dispute. In that context an oath is made, and then the two deliver a significant statement—suggesting a turning point where their rivalry becomes formalized through a vow.