Shloka 8

Devanagari script

कायवितौ हि धर्मेण धर्मो हि विजयावह: । त्रयाणामपि लोकानामालोक: कारणं भवेत्‌

Transliteration

kāyavitau hi dharmeṇa dharmo hi vijayāvahaḥ | trayāṇām api lokānām ālokaḥ kāraṇaṃ bhavet |

Translation

毗湿摩说道：当一个人的行为以达摩加以约束与调御时，达摩本身便成为带来胜利者。它是照耀三界的光明，也是在此世维系护持的根本因由——使人得清净，并阻止罪垢的触染。

Word by Word

• कायवितौ: the two (things) called 'kāyavita' (two qualities/acts)
• कायवितौ: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: कायवित (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Dual

• हि: indeed/for
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: हि

• धर्मेण: by/through dharma
• धर्मेण: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: धर्म (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Singular

• धर्मः: dharma
• धर्मः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: धर्म (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• हि: indeed
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: हि

• विजयावहः: bringing victory
• Type: Adjective
• Root: विजय-आवह (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• त्रयाणाम्: of the three
• Type: Adjective
• Root: त्रि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Genitive, Plural

• अपि: also/even
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अपि

• लोकानाम्: of the worlds
• Type: Noun
• Root: लोक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Plural

• आलोकः: light/illumination
• आलोकः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: आलोक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• कारणम्: cause
• कारणम्: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: कारण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• भवेत्: may be / would be
• Type: Verb
• Root: भू (धातु)
• Form: Optative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular

Speaker

भीष्म उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Bhishma
• dharma
• three worlds (trayāṇi lokāḥ)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Dharma, expressed as disciplined conduct and purity, is not merely a rule but a power: it leads to victory, illumines the three worlds, and protects life by keeping one free from the contact of sin.

What is happening in the narrative?

In Anushasana Parva, Bhishma continues his instruction on righteous living. Here he emphasizes to his listener that dharma governs conduct, generates inner and outer purity, and functions as a universal light and protective force.