Shloka 43

Devanagari script

शुभाशुभ॑ स्थावरं जड़मं॑ च विष्वक्सेनात्‌ सर्वमेतत्‌ प्रतीहि । यद्‌ वर्तते यच्च भविष्यतीह सर्व होतत्‌ केशवं त्वं प्रतीहि

Transliteration

bhīṣma uvāca | śubhāśubhaṃ sthāvaraṃ jaḍaṃ ca viśvaksenāt sarvam etat pratīhi | yad vartate yac ca bhaviṣyatīha sarvaṃ hotat keśavaṃ tvaṃ pratīhi ||

Translation

毗湿摩说道：当确知此世间一切——善与不善、动与不动，乃至看似无知无觉者——皆从凯沙瓦（克里希那）而生，祂为万军之主。此处现有之物与未来将有之物，当知无不即是凯沙瓦自身。

Word by Word

• {'śubhāśubham': 'the auspicious and the inauspicious

• good and evil', 'sthāvaram': 'immovable beings

• stationary creation (plants, mountains, etc.)', 'jaḍam': 'inert, insentient

• lacking apparent consciousness', 'sarvam etat': 'all this

• the entirety of what is perceived', 'pratīhi': 'know, understand, be convinced', 'viśvaksenāt': 'from Viśvaksena

• from the Lord of all hosts (epithet of Viṣṇu/Kṛṣṇa)', 'yad vartate': 'whatever exists/occurs (in the present)', 'yac ca bhaviṣyati': 'and whatever will be (in the future)', 'iha': 'here

• in this world', 'sarvam': 'all, everything', 'keśavam': 'Keśava

Speaker

भीष्म उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Bhīṣma
• Keśava (Śrī Kṛṣṇa)
• Viśvaksena

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Bhishma teaches a comprehensive theistic vision: the whole cosmos—auspicious and inauspicious, sentient and seemingly inert—arises from and is pervaded by Keśava. Past, present, and future are to be understood as grounded in him, encouraging devotion along with moral discernment.

What is happening in the narrative?

In the Anuśāsana Parva’s instruction section, Bhishma continues his counsel, directing the listener to place firm faith in Kṛṣṇa’s cosmic sovereignty and to interpret all phenomena and time itself as encompassed by Keśava.