Shloka 66

Devanagari script

एतान्‌ दैवे च पित्रये च पठत: पुरुषस्य हि । भुज्जते पितर: कव्यं हव्यं च त्रेदिवौकस:

Transliteration

etān daive ca pitrye ca paṭhataḥ puruṣasya hi | bhuñjate pitaraḥ kavyaṃ havyaṃ ca tredivaukasaḥ ||

Translation

毗湿摩说道：凡人在供奉诸天之祭与祖灵之礼（śrāddha）时诵念这些名号，祖灵众（Pitṛs）便欢喜享受kavya（祖先供献），而居于三天界的诸神则受纳havya（奉神供献）。

Word by Word

• एतान्: these (names/things)
• एतान्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: एतद्
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• दैवे: in the rite for the gods (devayajña)
• दैवे: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: दैव
• Form: Neuter, Locative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• पित्र्ये: in the rite for the ancestors (śrāddha/pitṛyajña)
• पित्र्ये: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: पित्र्य
• Form: Neuter, Locative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• पठतः: of/for (him) who recites; (he) reciting
• Type: Verb
• Root: पठ्
• Form: Present, Parasmaipada, Third, Singular

• पुरुषस्य: of the man
• Type: Noun
• Root: पुरुष
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Singular

• हि: indeed/for
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: हि

• भुञ्जते: eat/partake/accept (as food-offering)
• Type: Verb
• Root: भुज्
• Form: Present, Atmanepada, Third, Plural

• पितरः: the ancestors (pitṛs)
• पितरः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: पितृ
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• कव्यं: the ancestral offering (kavya)
• कव्यं: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: कव्य
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• हव्यं: the offering to the gods (havya)
• हव्यं: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: हव्य
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• त्रिदिवौकसः: the dwellers of heaven; the gods
• त्रिदिवौकसः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: त्रिदिव-ओकस्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

Speaker

भीष्म उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Bhishma
• Pitrs (ancestors)
• Devas (gods)
• havya
• kavya

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Correct recitation during deva-yajña and śrāddha sanctifies the offering: gods accept havya and ancestors accept kavya, showing that ritual speech and intention support dharmic reciprocity between humans, devas, and pitṛs.

What is happening in the narrative?

In Bhīṣma’s instruction on dharma (Anuśāsana Parva), he explains the fruit of reciting the previously listed sacred names/formulas at the proper times: it ensures the respective recipients—devas and pitṛs—gladly receive their offerings.