Shloka 38

Devanagari script

अत्रिर्वसिष्ठो भगवान्‌ कश्यपश्च महानृषि: । गौतमश्न भरद्वाजो विश्वामित्रो5थ कौशिक:

Transliteration

bhīṣma uvāca |

atrir vasiṣṭho bhagavān kaśyapaś ca mahān ṛṣiḥ |

gautamaś ca bharadvājo viśvāmitro 'tha kauśikaḥ ||

Translation

毗湿摩说道：阿特里（Atri）、可敬的婆悉吒（Vasiṣṭha）与大圣迦叶波（Kaśyapa）；又有乔多摩（Gautama）、婆罗堕阇（Bharadvāja），以及出自俱尸迦（Kuśika）族系的毗湿瓦密多罗（Viśvāmitra）——这些卓绝的仙圣被列为以正法为根基的权威之士；他们的临在与箴言，维系着神圣的秩序与端正的行持。

Word by Word

• अत्रिः: Atri
• अत्रिः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: अत्रि
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• वसिष्ठः: Vasiṣṭha
• वसिष्ठः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: वसिष्ठ
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• भगवान्: venerable, blessed
• भगवान्: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: भगवत्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• कश्यपः: Kaśyapa
• कश्यपः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: कश्यप
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• महान्: great
• महान्: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: महत्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• ऋषिः: sage
• ऋषिः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: ऋषि
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• गौतमः: Gautama
• गौतमः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: गौतम
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• भरद्वाजः: Bharadvāja
• भरद्वाजः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: भरद्वाज
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• विश्वामित्रः: Viśvāmitra
• विश्वामित्रः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: विश्वामित्र
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• अथ: and then / also
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अथ

• कौशिकः: Kauśika (patronymic of Viśvāmitra)
• कौशिकः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: कौशिक
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Speaker

भीष्म उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Bhishma
• Atri
• Vasiṣṭha
• Kaśyapa
• Gautama
• Bharadvāja
• Viśvāmitra
• Kuśika (lineage)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse underscores the ethical authority of great ṛṣis: dharma is to be understood and upheld through the guidance of venerable seers and established lineages of spiritual knowledge.

What is happening in the narrative?

Bhishma is enumerating eminent sages—Atri, Vasiṣṭha, Kaśyapa, Gautama, Bharadvāja, and Viśvāmitra (Kuśika)—as part of a larger instructional discourse in the Anuśāsana Parva.