Shloka 13

Devanagari script

नमो<स्त्वृषिभ्य: परमं परेषां देवेषु देवं वरदं वराणाम्‌ सहस्रशीर्षाय नम: शिवाय सहस्ननामाय जनार्दनाय

Transliteration

bhīṣma uvāca |

namo 'stv ṛṣibhyaḥ paramaṃ pareṣāṃ deveṣu devaṃ varadaṃ varāṇām |

sahasraśīrṣāya namaḥ śivāya sahasranāmāya janārdanāya ||

vṛṣākapiś ca śambhuś ca havano 'theśvaras tathā |

ekādaśaite prathitā rudrās tribhuvaneśvarāḥ ||

ajai kapād ahirbudhnyaḥ pinākī aparājitaḥ |

ṛtaḥ pitṛrūpas tryambako maheśvaro vṛṣākapiḥ śambhur havana īśvaraḥ ||

Translation

毗湿摩说道：“礼敬诸仙——尊贵者中之至尊。我顶礼诸神之神、赐愿者、卓越者中之最卓越：礼敬千首的湿婆，礼敬千名之主——亦名阇那尔达那。毗沙迦毗、商婆、哈瓦那，以及自在天——这些被称为十一鲁陀罗，统御三界。”

Word by Word

• नमः: salutation
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: नमस्

• तु: indeed/and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु

• ऋषिभ्यः: to the sages
• ऋषिभ्यः: Sampradana
• Type: Noun
• Root: ऋषि
• Form: Masculine, Dative, Plural

• परमम्: supreme (salutation)
• परमम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: परम
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• परेषाम्: of the highest/others (i.e., the foremost)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पर
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural

• देवेषु: among the gods
• देवेषु: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: देव
• Form: Masculine, Locative, Plural

• देवम्: the god
• देवम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: देव
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• वरदम्: boon-giving
• वरदम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वरद
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• वराणाम्: of the excellent/boons
• Type: Noun
• Root: वर
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural

• सहस्रशीर्षाय: to the thousand-headed one
• सहस्रशीर्षाय: Sampradana
• Type: Noun
• Root: सहस्रशीर्ष
• Form: Masculine, Dative, Singular

• नमः: salutation
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: नमस्

• शिवाय: to Śiva
• शिवाय: Sampradana
• Type: Noun
• Root: शिव
• Form: Masculine, Dative, Singular

• सहस्रनामाय: to the thousand-named one
• सहस्रनामाय: Sampradana
• Type: Noun
• Root: सहस्रनाम
• Form: Masculine, Dative, Singular

• जनार्दनाय: to Janārdana
• जनार्दनाय: Sampradana
• Type: Noun
• Root: जनार्दन
• Form: Masculine, Dative, Singular

• वृषाकपिः: Vṛṣākapi (a Rudra-name)
• वृषाकपिः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: वृषाकपि
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• शम्भुः: Śambhu
• शम्भुः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: शम्भु
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• हवनः: Havana (a Rudra-name)
• हवनः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: हवन
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• अथ: and/then
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अथ

• ईश्वरः: Īśvara
• ईश्वरः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: ईश्वर
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• तथा: thus/also
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा

• एकादश: eleven
• एकादश: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: एकादश
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• एते: these
• एते: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: एतद्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• प्रथिताः: renowned/celebrated
• प्रथिताः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: प्रथित
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• रुद्राः: Rudras
• रुद्राः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: रुद्र
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• त्रिभुवनेश्वराः: lords of the three worlds
• त्रिभुवनेश्वराः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: त्रिभुवनेश्वर
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• अजैकपात्: Ajāikapād (a Rudra-name)
• अजैकपात्: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: अजैकपाद्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• अहिर्बुध्न्यः: Ahirbudhnya (a Rudra-name)
• अहिर्बुध्न्यः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: अहिर्बुध्न्य
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• पिनाकी: Pinākin (bearer of the bow Pināka)
• पिनाकी: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: पिनाकिन्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• अपराजितः: unconquered
• अपराजितः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अपराजित
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• ऋतः: Ṛta (cosmic order; as a name)
• ऋतः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: ऋत
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• पितृरूपः: of the form of the Pitṛs
• पितृरूपः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: पितृरूप
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• त्र्यम्बकः: Tryambaka (three-eyed)
• त्र्यम्बकः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: त्र्यम्बक
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• महेश्वरः: Maheśvara (great lord)
• महेश्वरः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: महेश्वर
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• वृषाकपिः: Vṛṣākapi
• वृषाकपिः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: वृषाकपि
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• शम्भुः: Śambhu
• शम्भुः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: शम्भु
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• हवनः: Havana
• हवनः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: हवन
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• ईश्वरः: Īśvara
• ईश्वरः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: ईश्वर
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Speaker

भीष्म उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Bhīṣma
• Ṛṣis (seers)
• Śiva (Rudra)
• Janārdana
• Eleven Rudras
• Vṛṣākapi
• Śambhu
• Havana
• Īśvara
• Ajaikapād
• Ahirbudhnya
• Pinākī
• Aparājita
• Ṛta
• Pitṛrūpa
• Tryambaka
• Maheśvara
• Three worlds (tribhuvana)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse teaches reverential devotion through divine praise: recognizing the supreme lordship and many epithets/forms of Rudra-Śiva (the eleven Rudras), and honoring the seers as transmitters of sacred knowledge.

What is happening in the narrative?

In Anuśāsana Parva, Bhīṣma instructs Yudhiṣṭhira on dharma and religious duties; here he offers a hymn-like salutation, naming and affirming the famed eleven Rudras as rulers of the three worlds.