Shloka 48
Bhīṣma’s Yogic Departure, Royal Cremation, and Gaṅgā’s Lament (भीष्मस्य योगयुक्त्या देहत्यागः, पितृमेधः, गङ्गाविलापः)
Devanagari script
महेश्वरमुखोत्सृष्टा ये च धर्मगुणा: स्मृता: । ते त्वया मनसा धार्या: कुरुराज दिवानिशम्
Transliteration
mahēśvaramukhōtsṛṣṭā yē ca dharmaguṇāḥ smṛtāḥ | tē tvayā manasā dhāryāḥ kururāja divāniśam ||
Translation
毗湿摩说道：“俱卢之王啊，那些被传为出自大自在天（摩诃湿伐罗，湿婆）亲口的法德，应当由你牢牢系念于心——昼夜不离，常存胸臆。”
Word by Word
महेश्वरमुखोत्सृष्टाःuttered from Maheshvara's mouth
महेश्वरमुखोत्सृष्टाः:
TypeAdjective
Rootमहेश्वर-मुख-उत्सृष्ट
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
येwhich
ये:
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
चand
च:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच
धर्मगुणाःvirtues pertaining to dharma
धर्मगुणाः:
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म-गुण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
स्मृताःare declared/are said
स्मृताः:
TypeVerb
Rootस्मृत
FormPeriphrastic (PPP used predicatively), Passive (resultative), Masculine, Nominative, Plural
तेthose
ते:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
त्वयाby you
त्वया:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
FormInstrumental, Singular
मनसाwith the mind
मनसा:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootमनस्
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
धार्याःto be held/kept (in mind)
धार्याः:
TypeAdjective
Rootधार्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
कुरुराजO king of the Kurus
कुरुराज:
TypeNoun
Rootकुरु-राज
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
दिवानिशम्day and night; continually
दिवानिशम्:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootदिवा-निशा
Speaker
भीष्म उवाच
Characters & Entities
B
BhishmaM
Maheshvara (Shiva)K
Kuru-raja (Yudhishthira)Character Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
War Context
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Geographic Context
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes
Educational Q&A
A ruler should constantly internalize and practice the dharmic virtues taught by Shiva—keeping them present in mind at all times, not merely knowing them intellectually.
In Anushasana Parva, Bhishma continues instructing Yudhishthira on righteous conduct; here he urges the Kuru king to retain, day and night, the dharma-related virtues said to be proclaimed by Maheshvara (Shiva).