Shloka 32

धर्मनिन्दा–धर्मोपासनाफलम् तथा साध्वाचारलक्षणम्

Fruits of Disparaging vs. Observing Dharma; Marks of Good Conduct

Devanagari script

गृहस्थव्रतमातिष्ठन्‌ द्वेिकालकृतभोजन: । शेषाशी विजिताहारो निष्कामो निरहंवद:

Transliteration

gṛhastha-vratam ātiṣṭhan dvikāla-kṛta-bhojanaḥ | śeṣāśī vijitāhāro niṣkāmo nirahaṃvadaḥ ||

Translation

摩诃提婆说道：“当守居家之誓者，一日唯食二时。唯食供献之后之余食，制其口腹，离诸欲望，言语无我慢。以此律仪，当如法行家祭，敬待宾客，尤当尊崇学者；诵持真言以奉事圣火，并求一切种姓之安乐与兴盛。能如是住者，得以清净，获更高之位与吉祥之生。”

Word by Word

• गृहस्थव्रतम्: the householder’s vow/duty
• गृहस्थव्रतम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: गृहस्थव्रत
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• आतिष्ठन्: observing / undertaking
• आतिष्ठन्: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: स्था (आ-स्था)
• Form: Present, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada, Lat, present active participle (शतृ) used predicatively

• द्विकालकृतभोजनः: one who eats (only) at two times (a day)
• द्विकालकृतभोजनः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: द्विकालकृतभोजन
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• शेषाशी: eating only what remains (after offerings/guests)
• शेषाशी: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: शेषाशिन्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• विजिताहारः: having conquered/controlled food (diet)
• विजिताहारः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: विजिताहार
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• निष्कामः: desireless
• निष्कामः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: निष्काम
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• निरहंवदः: not speaking in terms of ‘I’ (free from egoistic talk)
• निरहंवदः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: निरहंवद
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Speaker

श्रीमहेश्वर उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Śrīmahēśvara (Mahādeva/Śiva)
• gṛhastha (householder)
• yajña (sacrifice)
• agnihotra
• three sacred fires (gārhapatya, āhavanīya, dakṣiṇa)
• brāhmaṇas
• varṇas (social orders)
• vaiśya
• kṣatriya-kula (kṣatriya lineage)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse teaches gṛhastha-dharma as disciplined living: eat moderately (twice daily), consume only what remains after offerings and hospitality, restrain appetite, abandon selfish desire, and act without ego—supporting society through sacrifice, reverence to the learned, and proper tending of the sacred fires.

What is happening in the narrative?

In Anuśāsana Parva’s instruction section, Mahādeva is presented as advising the proper conduct and ritual-ethical duties of a householder (especially framed for a vaiśya), describing how such practice purifies a person and leads to elevated status and auspicious future birth.