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Mahabharata — Anushasana Parva, Shloka 1

Pratyakṣa–Āgama–Ācāra: Doubt, Proof, and the Practice of Dharma (प्रत्यक्ष–आगम–आचारविचारः)

(दाक्षिणात्य अधिक पाठके १०६३ “लोक मिलाकर कुल २२१३ “लोक हैं) न#फ्जमआा न (0) आफजअत+- > यहाँ आचार्य नीलकण्ठके मतमें श्मशान शब्दसे काशीका महाश्मशान ही गृहीत होता है। इसीलिये वहाँ शवके दर्शनसे शिवके दर्शनका फल माना जाता है। - कुछ लोग दूध पीनेके समय बछड़ोंके मुँहमें लगे हुए फेनको ही वह अमृत मानते हैं

umovāca | deśeṣu ramaṇīyeṣu nadīnāṁ nirdariṣu ca | sravantīnāṁ nikuñjeṣu parvateṣu vaneṣu ca ||

乌玛说道:“大主啊,那些住林修行的伟大之人(林居者,vānaprastha),心志坚定,严守誓戒,以纪律奉行苦行;他们居于可爱之地——在河流怡人的岸边,在峡谷与瀑布近旁,在流水之畔的丛林间,在群山之上与森林之中——择取果实与根茎丰饶的清净处,以修持正法(dharma)。”

उमाUmā (Pārvatī)
उमा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootउमा
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect (Paroksha-bhuta), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
देशेषुin places/regions
देशेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootदेश
FormMasculine, Locative, Plural
रमणीयेषुin delightful/beautiful (ones)
रमणीयेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootरमणीय
FormMasculine, Locative, Plural
नदीनाम्of rivers
नदीनाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootनदी
FormFeminine, Genitive, Plural
निर्झरिषुat waterfalls/springs
निर्झरिषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootनिर्झरि
FormMasculine, Locative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
स्रवन्तीनाम्of flowing (streams/rivers)
स्रवन्तीनाम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootस्रवत्
FormFeminine, Genitive, Plural, Present active participle (शतृ)
निकुञ्जेषुin groves/arbors
निकुञ्जेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootनिकुञ्ज
FormMasculine, Locative, Plural
पर्वतेषुon mountains
पर्वतेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootपर्वत
FormMasculine, Locative, Plural
वनेषुin forests
वनेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootवन
FormNeuter, Locative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root

श्रीमहेश्वर उवाच

U
Umā (Pārvatī)
M
Mahādeva/Śiva (implied addressee)
R
rivers (nadī)
R
ravines/gorges (nirdara)
F
flowing streams (sravantī)
G
groves/thickets (nikuñja)
M
mountains (parvata)
F
forests (vana)
V
vānaprastha (forest-dweller, implied by context)

Educational Q&A

The verse frames vānaprastha-dharma as disciplined, vow-based spiritual living supported by simple residence in pure natural settings—riverbanks, forests, mountains—where one can sustain oneself on fruits and roots and cultivate steadiness of mind.

In the Umā–Maheśvara dialogue, Umā begins describing (and implicitly inquiring about) the life-pattern of vow-observant forest-dwelling ascetics, noting the kinds of secluded, beautiful natural places they choose for their practice.