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Shloka 36

Rudra-Śiva: Names, Two Natures, and the Logic of Epithets (रुद्रनाम-बहुरूपत्व-प्रकरणम्)

भैक्षचर्या परो धर्मो नित्ययज्ञोपवीतिता । नित्यं स्वाध्यायिता धर्मों ब्रह्म॒चर्याश्रमस्तथा

bhaikṣacaryā paro dharmo nitya-yajñopavītitā | nityaṁ svādhyāyitā dharmo brahmacaryāśramas tathā ||

摩诃提婆说道:对梵行学徒(brahmacārin)而言,至高之法是行“乞食之行”(bhaikṣacaryā)——出入村落乞取食物,携回奉献于师。又当恒常佩戴圣线(yajñopavīta),日日自诵自习吠陀(svādhyāya),并坚定不移地遵守梵行住(brahmacarya-āśrama)的一切戒律;此即梵行者之主要行持与生活之道。

भैक्षचर्याthe practice of alms-begging (as a student’s duty)
भैक्षचर्या:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभैक्षचर्या (भिक्षा + चर्या)
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
परःsupreme
परः:
TypeAdjective
Rootपर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
धर्मःduty; dharma
धर्मः:
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
नित्यalways; daily
नित्य:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनित्य
यज्ञोपवीतिताwearing the yajñopavīta (sacred thread)
यज्ञोपवीतिता:
TypeAdjective
Rootयज्ञोपवीतित (यज्ञोपवीत + इत; ‘wearing the sacred thread’)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
नित्यम्daily; constantly
नित्यम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनित्य
स्वाध्यायिताengaged in Vedic study/recitation
स्वाध्यायिता:
TypeAdjective
Rootस्वाध्यायित (स्वाध्याय + इत; ‘engaged in self-study/recitation’)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
धर्मःduty; dharma
धर्मः:
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
ब्रह्मचर्याश्रमःthe brahmacarya-āśrama (student stage of life)
ब्रह्मचर्याश्रमः:
TypeNoun
Rootब्रह्मचर्याश्रम (ब्रह्मचर्य + आश्रम)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तथाand likewise; also
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा

श्रीमहेश्वर उवाच

Ś
Śrī Maheśvara (Mahādeva/Śiva)
Y
yajñopavīta (sacred thread)
B
brahmacārin (Vedic student)
G
guru (teacher) (implied by bhaikṣacaryā practice)

Educational Q&A

The verse defines the brahmacārin’s highest dharma as disciplined dependence on alms offered to the guru, together with constant wearing of the sacred thread, daily Vedic study (svādhyāya), and faithful observance of the brahmacarya-āśrama rules—framing education as an ethical and ascetic training, not merely acquisition of knowledge.

Śrī Maheśvara is instructing about āśrama-dharma, specifically outlining the prescribed conduct of a Vedic student (brahmacārin) and emphasizing the daily practices that sustain and symbolize that life of restraint, service, and study.