Shloka 3

दानशील-समाचारः, सत्कारः, अहिंसा च

Umā–Maheśvara Saṃvāda

Devanagari script

एतेन विधिना मर्त्य: श्रद्धधान: समाहित: । चतुरो वार्षिकान्‌ मासान्‌ यो ददाति तिलोदकम्‌

Transliteration

Dhaumya uvāca: etena vidhinā martyaḥ śraddadhānaḥ samāhitaḥ | caturo vārṣikān māsān yo dadāti tilodakam ||

Translation

道弥耶（Dhaumya）说道：“依此法而行，凡人若具信心、摄心专一，于雨季四月之间，恒以和芝麻之水奉奠祖灵，则得广大功德。此教诫所重者，在于以真诚与定心、以持久而有节的方式履行祭祖供水之责（pitṛ-tarpaṇa），而非徒事炫示；此乃积聚法果之有力途径。”

Word by Word

• एतेन: by this
• एतेन: Karana
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: एतद्
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Singular

• विधिना: by the method/rite
• विधिना: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: विधि
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Singular

• मर्त्यः: a mortal (man)
• मर्त्यः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: मर्त्य
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• श्रद्धधानः: having faith, faithful
• श्रद्धधानः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: श्रद्धा + धा (धातु)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular, शतृ (present active participle), आत्मनेपद-प्रयोगार्थे विशेषणरूपेण

• समाहितः: collected, composed, concentrated
• समाहितः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सम् + आ + धा (धातु)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular, क्त (past passive participle)

• चतुरः: four
• चतुरः: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: चतुर्
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• वार्षिकान्: seasonal/pertaining to the rains (annual-seasonal)
• वार्षिकान्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वार्षिक
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• मासान्: months
• मासान्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: मास
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• यः: who
• यः: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• ददाति: gives, offers
• Type: Verb
• Root: दा (दाने)
• Form: Present (लट्), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada

• तिलोदकम्: sesame-water (water mixed with sesame)
• तिलोदकम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: तिल + उदक
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

Speaker

धौग्य उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Dhaumya
• pitaraḥ (ancestors)
• tilodaka (sesame-water offering)
• varṣā (rainy season)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Sustained ancestral duty performed according to scriptural injunction—especially with śraddhā (faith) and samādhāna (mental focus)—yields substantial dharmic merit; inner sincerity and regular practice are central.

What is happening in the narrative?

The speaker Dhaumya is instructing about a specific rite: during the four rainy-season months, a person should offer sesame-mixed water as libations to the ancestors (pitṛ-tarpaṇa), presenting it as a highly meritorious observance.