Mahabharata — Anushasana Parva, Shloka 10
दानशील-समाचारः, सत्कारः, अहिंसा च
Umā–Maheśvara Saṃvāda
Devanagari script
एष ह्ाधर्मो धर्मश्न॒ सरहस्य: प्रकीर्तित:
Transliteration
eṣa hy adharmaḥ dharmajña saharahasyaḥ prakīrtitaḥ
Translation
噢，通晓法者，此确为非法（adharma）——连同其隐秘的缘由——已被宣说并阐明。
Word by Word
एषःthis (one/this)
एषः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootएतद् (प्रातिपदिक: एष)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
हिindeed/for
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
अधर्मःunrighteousness/adharma
अधर्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअधर्म (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
धर्मज्ञO knower of dharma
धर्मज्ञ:
TypeNoun (address/title)
Rootधर्मज्ञ (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
सहtogether with
सह:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसह
रहस्यःsecret/with a secret (mystery)
रहस्यः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootरहस्य (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
प्रकीर्तितःhas been proclaimed/declared
प्रकीर्तितः:
TypeVerb (past passive participle used predicatively)
Rootप्र + कीर्त् (धातु); प्रकीर्तित (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
Speaker
धौग्य उवाच
Characters & Entities
ध
धौग्य (Dhaumya)ध
धर्मज्ञ (dharmajña—addressed person, unnamed in this verse)Character Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes
Educational Q&A
Adharma should be recognized not only by external action but also by its concealed motives and justifications; ethical expertise involves exposing and understanding that hidden rationale.
Dhaumya is concluding or emphasizing an instruction by explicitly labeling the discussed conduct as adharma and noting that its ‘secret’ or underlying logic has also been articulated for the listener who is versed in dharma.