Mahabharata — Anushasana Parva, Shloka 23
Vānaprastha-dharma and Tapas: Śiva–Umā Saṃvāda
Forest-Stage Discipline and Austerity
Devanagari script
पितर ऊचुः स्वागत ते<स्तु भद्रे ते श्रूयतां खेचरोत्तम । गूढार्थ: परम: प्रश्नो भवता समुदीरित:
Translation
祖灵（Pitṛs）说道：“欢迎你，空行之中最卓越的天使！愿你得享吉祥。你所提出的，是一则至高而含义幽深的疑问。且听其答。”
Word by Word
पितरःthe Pitṛs (manes/ancestors)
पितरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपितृ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
ऊचुःsaid
ऊचुः:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect (Liṭ), Third, Plural
स्वागतम्welcome
स्वागतम्:
TypeNoun
Rootस्वागत
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
तेto you
ते:
Sampradana
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
FormDative, Singular
अस्तुlet it be
अस्तु:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormImperative (Loṭ), Third, Singular
भद्रेO auspicious one / O blessed lady
भद्रे:
TypeAdjective
Rootभद्र
FormFeminine, Vocative, Singular
तेto you
ते:
Sampradana
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
FormDative, Singular
श्रूयताम्let it be heard / listen
श्रूयताम्:
TypeVerb
Rootश्रु
FormImperative (Loṭ), passive, Third, Singular
खेचर-उत्तमO best of sky-goers
खेचर-उत्तम:
TypeNoun
Rootखेचर + उत्तम
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
गूढार्थःone having hidden meaning
गूढार्थः:
TypeNoun
Rootगूढार्थ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
परमःsupreme, excellent
परमः:
TypeAdjective
Rootपरम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
प्रश्नःquestion
प्रश्नः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootप्रश्न
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
भवताby you (sir)
भवता:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootभवत्
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
समुदीरितःuttered, raised
समुदीरितः:
TypeVerb
Rootसम्-उद्-ईर्
Formक्त (past passive participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
Speaker
भीष्म उवाच
Character Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Geographic Context
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes