Shloka 24
Adhyāya 122 — Śruta-vṛtta-yukta Brāhmaṇa and the Ethics of Dāna
Maitreya–Vyāsa Saṃvāda
तिर्यग्योन्या: शूद्रताम भ्युपैति शूद्रो वैश्य॑ क्षत्रियत्वं च वैश्य: । वृत्तश्लाघी क्षत्रियो ब्राह्मणत्वं स्वर्ग पुण्यं ब्राह्मण: साधुवृत्त:
tiryagyonyāḥ śūdratām abhyupaiti śūdro vaiśyaṃ kṣatriyatvaṃ ca vaiśyaḥ | vṛttaślāghī kṣatriyo brāhmaṇatvaṃ svargaṃ puṇyaṃ brāhmaṇaḥ sādhuvṛttaḥ ||
毗耶娑说道：众生若生于畜生之胎（tiryag-yoni），当其行程向上提升时，先得首陀罗（Śūdra）之身。首陀罗得生于吠舍（Vaiśya）；吠舍得生于刹帝利（Kṣatriya）；而以端正行持受称赞的刹帝利，则得生为婆罗门（Brāhmaṇa）。继而，安住于善行的婆罗门，便往生功德之天界。此段所示，所谓“上升”并非仅是身份之迁转，而是由行为与积累之功德所主宰的道德轨迹。
व्यास उवाच
Educational Q&A
The verse presents an ethical ladder of rebirth: upward movement from non-human birth through human social categories is linked to merit and especially to good conduct (vṛtta/ācāra). The culminating reward is not merely higher birth but the attainment of puṇya-bearing svarga for the sādhuvṛtta Brāhmaṇa.
Vyāsa is speaking in Anuśāsana Parva, giving didactic instruction about dharma and the fruits of conduct. Here he outlines a schematic progression of births—animal to Śūdra to Vaiśya to Kṣatriya to Brāhmaṇa—and then heaven for the Brāhmaṇa established in good conduct.