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Shloka 71

आचारप्रशंसा

Praise of Ācāra as the Basis of Longevity, Fame, and Prosperity

नाध्यापयेत्‌ तथोच्छिष्टो नाधीयीत कदाचन । वाते च पूतिगन्धे च मनसापि न चिन्तयेत्‌

na adhyāpayet tathocchiṣṭo nādhīyīta kadācana | vāte ca pūtigandhe ca manasāpi na cintayet ||

毗湿摩说道:凡因进食而处于不净之态者(口中尚有食余),不应教授圣典,也绝不可自行诵习(svādhyāya)。即便有恶臭之风吹来,也不应在心中起诵读之念。此教诲强调对吠陀学习与传授的敬畏,将身心与环境的清净视为持守法(dharma)之纪律的一部分。

not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अध्यापयेत्should teach (recitation)
अध्यापयेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootअध्यापय् (अधि+आपय्; causative of अधि+इ/अधि+अय् in sense 'to teach/recite')
FormVidhi-linga, optative, 3, singular, Parasmaipada
तथाthus; likewise
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
उच्छिष्टःone who is impure from food-remnants (after eating)
उच्छिष्टः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootउच्छिष्ट
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अधीयीतshould study/recite (for oneself)
अधीयीत:
TypeVerb
Rootअधि+इ (अधीते)
FormVidhi-linga, optative, 3, singular, Atmanepada
कदाचनever; at any time
कदाचन:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकदाचन
वातेin (a) wind; when wind blows
वाते:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootवात
Formmasculine, locative, singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
पूतिगन्धेin a foul smell/stench
पूतिगन्धे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootपूतिगन्ध
Formmasculine, locative, singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
मनसाwith the mind; mentally
मनसा:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootमनस्
Formneuter, instrumental, singular
अपिeven
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
चिन्तयेत्should think/ponder
चिन्तयेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootचिन्त्
FormVidhi-linga, optative, 3, singular, Parasmaipada

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma

Educational Q&A

Sacred teaching and self-recitation should be done only in a clean, respectful state: one should not teach or recite while ucchiṣṭa (with food-remnants/impurity), and should avoid even mental recitation in an environment made impure by foul odor.

In the Anuśāsana Parva’s instruction on dharma and proper conduct, Bhīṣma lays down practical rules of ācāra for study/teaching—specifying when recitation is prohibited due to personal impurity (ucchiṣṭa) or an unsuitable environment (malodorous wind).